垃圾焚烧飞灰中氯元素存在形态及深度脱氯的研究

垃圾焚烧飞灰中的氯含量影响其在水泥窑协同处置生料中的占比,因此需要对飞灰做脱氯处理。利用XRD对飞灰氯元素的存在形态研究表明：氯元素以水溶性氯和非水溶性氯2种形态存在于飞灰中,炉排炉飞灰的水溶性氯化物为CaCl₂·Ca（OH）₂·H₂O、CaClOH、CaCl₂·2H₂O、KCl和NaCl,非水溶性氯化物为AlOCl和Ca₁₀（Si₂O₇）₂（SiO₄）Cl₂（OH）₂等;流化床飞灰的水溶性氯以CaCl₂·2H₂O和KCl形式存在,非水溶性氯以AlOCl、Ca₁₀（Si₂O₇）₂（SiO₄）Cl₂（OH）₂和Ca₄OCl₆等形式存在。对水洗脱除水溶性氯的研究结果显示：对于炉排炉飞灰,控制液固比（mL/g,下同）为10+4+2、3次常温水洗,水溶性氯脱除率达97.01%;对于流化床飞灰,控制液固比组合6+6+4、3次常温水洗,水溶性氯脱除率达99.17%;酸、碱洗及高温煅烧均能降低飞灰非水溶性氯含量,其中煅烧处理后的炉排炉飞灰残氯质量分数为0.36%、流化床飞灰为0.45%。     

云南省水文大数据资源中心设计与应用

如何有效加强水文数据共享应用,提高水文数据应用深度和水平,加大水文产品的社会共享力度,是新时代水文工作面临的重要问题。针对现代化水文大数据资源中心如何建设提供思路和方法。以云南省水文信息化建设为例,重点介绍云南省水文数据资源面临的数据资源整合缺少,分析应用不足、服务共享不够的现状及问题,针对问题提出水文大数据资源中心构建思路和建设内容和技术方法,从数据汇集管理、质量管理、分析应用、运营服务 4 个层面展开介绍。最后对云南省水文大数据资源中心的应用价值及未来进一步拓展方向进行说明,为其他地区水文大数据资源中心建设提供新的思路。     

基于混合生物地理学优化的聚类算法

聚类分析是数据挖掘的重要任务之一,而具有易早熟与收敛速度慢等缺陷的传统生物地理优化算法(Biogeography-Based Optimization, BBO)很难满足具有NP(Non-deterministic Polynomial)性质的复杂聚类问题需求,于是提出了一种基于混合生物地理学优化的聚类算法(Mixed Biogeography-Based Optimization, MBBO),该算法构造了一个基于梯度下降局部最优贪心搜索的新迁移算子,以聚类目标函数值作为个体适应度进行数据集内隐簇结构寻优。通过在4个标准数据集(Iris、Wine、Glass与Diabetes)的实验,结果表明MBBO算法相对于传统的优化算法具有更好的优化能力和收敛度,能发现更高质量的簇结构模式。     

议“亚安全区”在城市商业综合体的应用

以某城市商业综合体为例,探讨设定城市商业综合体的室内步行街为"亚安全区"的问题,定量分析室内步行街的火灾危险性,分析精品店火灾对相邻店铺及相对店铺热辐射的影响,并对烟气控制及人员疏散进行模拟,对城市商业综合体的室内步行街消防安全性进行评估。     

Very facile fabrication of aligned organic nanowires based high-performance top-gate transistors on flexible,transparent substrate

Aligned single-crystalline organic nanowires (NWs) show promising applications in flexible and stretchable electronics, while the use of pre-existing aligned techniques and well-developed photolithography techniques are impeded by the large incompatibility with organic materials and flexible substrates. In this work, aligned copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) organic NWs were grown on flexible and transparent poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate via a grating-assisted growth approach. Furthermore, a simple yet efficient etching-assisted transfer printing (ETP) method was used to achieve CuPc NW array-based flexible top-gate organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with a high mobility up to 2.0 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, a small operating voltage within ±10 V, a high on/off ratio >10⁴, and excellent bend stability with bending radius down to 3 mm. It is expected that the high-performance organic NW array-based top-gate OFETs with exceeding bend stability will have important applications in future flexible electronics.     

Ethene/styrene-copolymerizations with [Me2C(3-RCp)(Flu)]ZrCl2/MAO (R=H,Me,tertBu,cHex, Ph)

Two new C₁-symmetric zirconocenes of the type [Me₂C(3-RCp)(Flu)]ZrCl₂ bearing a phenyl (Ph) or a cyclohexyl (cHex) substituent on the cyclopentadienyl ring were synthesized. Copolymerizations of ethene and styrene were carried out using these catalysts and compared to the results obtained with the methyl- and ^tertbutyl-substituted as well as with the unsubstituted system. By the introduction of the phenyl substituent both the activities and the molar masses could be increased whilst the styrene incorporation was comparable to that achieved with the unsubstituted system. In the case of the alkyl substituted systems (R=Me, ^tertBu, cHex) the styrene incorporation is decreased drastically and molar masses and activities are also strongly effected.     

Preparation and Characterization of Hydrophobic Bagasse Hemicellulose-based Films

To improve the hydrophobicity of bagasse hemicellulose-based films, glutaraldehyde was applied when preparing films of original and cationic bagasse hemicellulose with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol and sorbitol. The results showed that the cationic modification could increase the hydrophobicity of the hemicellulose-based film, and the hydrophobicity of hemicellulose-based films crosslinked with glutaraldehyde also increased. However, cationic modification of hemicellulose decreased the stress of the hemicellulose-based film. While crosslinking with glutaraldehyde increased the stress of both the original and cationic hemicellulose-based films. Macrophotography indicated that the film formability of the original hemicellulose was better than that of cationic hemicellulose. Through SEM observation, the degree of bonding of different components of the films was found to be increased due to crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The crosslinking reaction between glutaraldehyde and hemicellulose was further confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy.     

Bioinspired interactive neuromorphic devices

The performance of conventional computer based on von Neumann architecture is limited due to the physical separation of memory and processor. By synergistically integrating various sensors with synaptic devices, recently emerging interactive neuromorphic devices can directly sense/store/process various stimuli information from external environments and implement functions of perception, learning, memory, and computation. In this review, we present the basic model of bioinspired interactive neuromorphic devices and discuss the performance metrics. Next, we summarize the recent progress and development of bioinspired interactive neuromorphic devices, which are classified into neuromorphic tactile systems, visual systems, auditory systems, and multisensory system. They are discussed in detail from the aspects of materials, device architectures, operating mechanisms, synaptic plasticity, and potential applications. Additionally, the bioinspired interactive neuromorphic devices that can fuse multiple/mixed sensing signals are proposed to address more realistic and sophisticated problems. Finally, we discuss the pros and cons regarding to the computing neurons and integrating sensory neurons and deliver the perspectives on interactive neuromorphic devices at the material, device, network, and system levels. It is believed the neuromorphic devices can provide promising solutions to next generation of interactive sensation/memory/computation toward the development of multimodal, low-power, and large-scale intelligent systems endowed with neuromorphic features.     

生活垃圾焚烧炉渣水稳定性试验研究

以福州红庙岭生活垃圾焚烧炉渣为试验对象,测试不同吸水时间和干湿循环次数下炉渣试件无侧限抗压强度和CBR的变化规律,揭示炉渣填料在水作用下的强度变化特征。结果表明:炉渣试件无侧限抗压强度和CBR随吸水时间和干湿循环次数的增加而增大,具有良好的水稳定性。炉渣的强度主要依靠水泥熟料和活性物质化学反应产生水化产物形成的,这使得炉渣在潮湿路基的回填、管槽周边的回填具有显著优势。     

亚稳相图研究及其在特种陶瓷涂层中的应用进展

相图, 又称相平衡图, 是“材料设计的索骥图”, 而涂层的制备过程中(如物理气相沉积, Physical Vapor Deposition, 简称PVD), 系统一般远离平衡态, 获得的相为亚稳相, 相图计算CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams)方法的应用遇到了挑战。本文概述了模拟涂层材料亚稳相图的研究历程, 重点介绍了近期建立的临界表面扩散亚稳相图模型, 即通过耦合CALPHAD、第一性原理计算和高通量磁控溅射镀膜实验的方法对涂层材料的亚稳相进行表面扩散模拟, 相关计算仅需要一个高通量镀膜实验作为基础数据, 获得的亚稳相图也得到了实验验证。由此, 可以建立相关材料体系的稳定和亚稳相图数据库, 通过组分-制备工艺-组织结构和性能的关系, 指导陶瓷涂层材料的设计, 助推研发时间和成本“双减半”目标的实现。