Potential applications of phase change materials in concrete technology

In internal curing, pre-wetted lightweight aggregates (LWA) serve as internal reservoirs to supply the extra water needed by the cementitious and pozzolanic components of the concrete during their hydration processes. Due to their porous nature and reasonably high absorption capacity, the LWA can also be filled with other materials, such as phase change materials (PCMs). In this paper, three potential applications of PCM-filled LWA in concrete technology are presented. In addition to the previously explored application of increasing the energy storage capacity of concrete in residential and commercial construction by using a PCM with a transition temperature near room temperature, applications for higher and lower temperature PCMs also exist. In the former case, a PCM can be used to reduce the temperature rise (and subsequent rate of temperature decrease) of a large concrete section during (semi)adiabatic curing, to minimize thermal cracking, etc. In the latter case, a PCM can perhaps reduce the number or intensity of freeze/thaw cycles experienced by a bridge deck or other concrete exposed to a winter environment. In this paper, these latter two applications are preliminarily explored from both experimental and modeling viewpoints.     

Thermoelastic composites with columnar microstructure and cylindrically anisotropic phases. Part I: Exact results

A wide class of composite materials, which are in this paper referred to as having columnar microstructure, posses the microgeometrical characteristic that the constituent phases are homogeneous along one and only one direction. This class includes as an important subclass all the composites consisting of a homogeneous matrix reinforced by aligned parallel continuous homogeneous fibers. In the present work, considering a transversely isotropic composite with columnar microstructure and with cylindrically anisotropic phases, a number of exact results are established for effective thermoelastic moduli by modelling the composite as a nested composite cylinder assemblage. The results obtained in this work extend those of Hashin and Rosen [Z. Hashin, B.W. Rosen, The elastic moduli of fiber-reinforced materials, ASME J. Appl. Mech. 31 (1964) 223–232] and Hashin [Z. Hashin, Thermoelastic properties and conductivity of carbon/carbon fiber composites, Mech. Mater. 8 (1990) 293–308].     

Experiments and simulations of the mechanical performance of repaired panels

Firstly, the compress experiment is undertaken to investigate the efficiency of repaired panels in this paper, and then modeling of the mechanical behavior of the repaired composite panel under compressive static load is conducted by using of the finite element method. The effect of geometric non-linearity on the stress–strain response is considered in the numeric analysis. Fatherly, the user material subroutine (UMAT) is integrated with the ABAQUS package with the geometric non-linearity effect for studying the damage initiation and its progression in the composite structure, and quadrilateral, linear, thick shell elements (S8R) are adopted. Finally, the predicted strain distribution, damage evolution and strength of the laminate are compared with the test results.     

An overview of aqueous-phase catalytic processes for production of hydrogen and alkanes in a biorefinery

In this overview we discuss how aqueous-phase catalytic processes can be used to convert biomass into hydrogen and alkanes ranging from C₁ to C₁₅. Hydrogen can be produced by aqueous-phase reforming (APR) of biomass-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons at low temperatures (423–538 K) in a single reactor over supported metal catalysts. Alkanes, ranging from C₁ to C₆ can be produced by aqueous-phase dehydration/hydrogenation (APD/H). This APD/H process involves a bi-functional pathway in which sorbitol (hydrogenated glucose) is repeatedly dehydrated by a solid acid (SiO₂–Al₂O₃) or a mineral acid (HCl) catalyst and then hydrogenated on a metal catalyst (Pt or Pd). Liquid alkanes ranging from C₇ to C₁₅ can be produced from carbohydrates by combining the dehydration/hydrogenation process with an upstream aldol condensation step to form C–C bonds. In this case, the dehydration/hydrogenation step takes place over a bi-functional catalyst (4 wt.% Pt/SiO₂–Al₂O₃) containing acid and metal sites in a specially designed four-phase reactor employing an aqueous inlet stream containing the large water-soluble organic reactant, a hexadecane alkane sweep stream, and a H₂ inlet gas stream. The aqueous organic reactant become more hydrophobic during dehydration/hydrogenation, and the hexadecane sweep stream removes these species from the catalyst as valuable products before they go on further to form coke.     

混合交通下右转机动车信号配时方法

为了减少右转机动车与直行自行车之间的干扰,提高交叉口的运行效率,本文分析了两相位信号控制交叉口右转机动车与自行车之间的冲突规律以及自行车交通流的行驶特性,确定设置右转机动车信号的直行自行车流量临界值.以减少冲突和提高交叉口运行效率为目标,确定右转机动车相位绿灯起亮时刻和绿灯时长,并建立了相应的参数标定模型.以实际调查数据为基础,应用VISSIM模拟软件进行模拟验证,结果表明,设置右转机动车信号后,右转机动车延误和机非冲突明显减少.     

某厂区重交通水泥混凝土路面病害成因分析及治理

针对目前某工厂主厂道由于受到重交通作用而造成水泥混凝土路面损坏严重的现状,笔者先从水泥混凝土路面主要病害的种类及其产生的原因着手加以分析,进而对在旧路面上半直接式加铺水泥混凝土和钢纤维水泥混凝施工技术进行了介绍和总结.     

碱体系中系列羟基苯基卟啉红外光谱和拉曼光谱性质研究

本文继续深入研究该体系中相关物质的红外光谱和拉曼光谱的性质.论文结果说明,在碱体系中,NaOH只与羟基苯基卟啉周边meso-位的羟基反应形成盐,这个性质与紫外可见光谱性质是一致的.同时这一结果也为研究卟啉与金属的相互作用提供了有益的理论支持.     

文艺复兴透视法的“技巧史”

基于考察透视是如何具体的、实质性的呈现为一种技巧形成的过程.虽然希腊和罗马时出现了简单的有透视特点的壁画,但是真正发生技巧变革的是文艺复兴时期的透视,尤以布鲁内莱斯基和阿尔贝蒂为代表,对透视技巧的变革和形成作了最重要的贡献.