Extraction and preparation of bamboo fibre-reinforced composites

Natural plant fibre composites have been developed for the production of a variety of industrial products, with benefits including biodegradability and environmental protection. Bamboo fibre materials have attracted broad attention as reinforcement polymer composites due to their environmental sustainability, mechanical properties, and recyclability, and they can be compared with glass fibres. This review classifies and describes the various procedures that have been developed to extract fibres from raw bamboo culm. There are three main types of procedures: mechanical, chemical and combined mechanical and chemical extraction. Composite preparation from extracted bamboo fibres and various thermal analysis methods are also classified and analysed. Many parameters affect the mechanical properties and composite characteristics of bamboo fibres and bamboo composites, including fibre extraction methods, fibre length, fibre size, resin application, temperature, moisture content and composite preparation techniques. Mechanical extraction methods are more eco-friendly than chemical methods, and steam explosion and chemical methods significantly affect the microstructure of bamboo fibres. The development of bamboo fibre-reinforced composites and interfacial adhesion fabrication techniques must consider the type of matrix, the microstructure of bamboo and fibre extraction methods.     

我国油料产业形势分析与发展对策

油料安全事关国计民生,保障油料有效供给是我国必须坚守的国家粮食安全底线。站在全球视角,对2011/2012—2020/2021年度我国油料供需形势、生产形势及市场形势进行分析,明确我国油料产业在生产、加工、贸易等方面面临的挑战,并针对性地提出了统一科学谋划与增强政策扶持精准度相结合,强化科技支撑与耕地资源保护相结合,提高农户油料种植收益与增强自然灾害抵御能力相结合,坚持大宗油料品牌建设与特色油料资源开发相结合,稳定当前农业合作伙伴关系与扩宽油料进口来源相结合,实施差异化市场监管与引导居民科学消费相结合等发展对策,以期为促进油料生产、保障植物油有效供给、降低植物油对外依存度,维护国家粮油安全提供参考。     

Properties and characteristics of novel formaldehyde-free wood adhesives prepared from Irvingia gabonensis and Irvingia wombolu seed kernel extracts

There is renewed interest in the domestication of Irvingia tree species due to the potential use of various parts of the tree as raw materials for a wide range of applications such as biodiesel production, cosmetics, perfumes, soap, weight-loss supplement etc. The current study investigates the properties of extracts from the seed kernels of two Irvingia species – Irvingia gabonensis (IG) and Irvingia wombolu (IW) as natural wood adhesives. Three extraction methods using various solvent/solute media were compared in terms of yield, composition and mechanical properties. Statistically, the analysis revealed significant differences between the different extraction methods. The adhesion properties of the extracts were tested on wood veneers according to the American Society for Testing and Materials standard (ASTM D – 906-64). The shear strength of the extracts ranged from 0.55 to 1.5 MPa and 0.86–1.7 MPa for IG and IW, respectively. The initial decomposition temperature of all Irvingia Kernel extract ranges from 138.3 to 149.11 °C for IG and 129.5–145.3 °C for IW. As a result, the hot melt temperature for the adhesive experiments was set around 150 °C. The results indicate that Irvingia kernel extract is a more promising source of non-formaldehyde based adhesives in wood composite production.     

我国油料增产格局及贡献因素研究

2007—2021年我国油料生产实现“十四连丰”,对于保障国家粮油安全意义重大。为进一步探究油料增产格局及背后成因,推动我国油料生产提质增效,基于2007—2021年大豆、油菜籽、花生三大油料的种植面积、产量、单产等基础数据,从全国和分省两个角度,运用对数平均迪氏分解(LMDI)模型定量分析了2007—2021年我国油料增产状况及其区域差异,并对我国主要油料增产的地域格局及其贡献因素做了进一步研究。结果表明：大豆、油菜籽、花生三大油料是我国油料“十四连丰”的主导因素,三大油料对油料增产的贡献率达到96.3%;三大油料中,花生对油料增产的贡献最为显著,无论是增产幅度、增产贡献率还是年均增产量,花生均处于领先地位;单产提高对油料增产的贡献大于种植面积扩大带来的贡献;三大油料中,大豆增产主要是依靠单产水平的提高,而油菜籽和花生的增产同时依靠种植面积的扩大和单产水平的提高;2007—2021年,全国仅17个省份出现油料增产现象,且增产超过200万t和增幅达到超速增产水平的省份分别只占9.7%和35.5%。综上,充分高效利用和开发现有土地资源、不断提升三大主要油料单产水平是破解我国油料可持续发展...     

Effect of physicochemical structure of natural fiber on transverse thermal conductivity of unidirectional abaca/bamboo fiber composites

To study the effect of the microstructure of natural fiber on the transverse thermal conductivity of unidirectional composite, abaca and bamboo fibers were unidirectionally aligned to fabricate epoxy composites by a resin transfer molding (RTM) technique. The transverse thermal conductivity of these two types of composites was measured in a steady-state platform. X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy were applied to analyze the microstructure and morphology of both fibers and composites. The results indicated that the transverse thermal conductivity showed two types of tendencies with fiber content increasing: increasing for bamboo fiber composites, and decreasing for abaca fiber composites. The microstructure and theoretical analysis suggest that the lumen structure plays a great role rather than crystal structures and chemical compounds on the transverse thermal conductivity of unidirectional composites, which is useful for further development and design of natural fiber reinforced composites with better thermal insulation property for people’s daily life.