A feasible flow-based iterative algorithm for the two-level hierarchical time minimization transportation problem

The THTMTP (two-level hierarchical time minimization transportation problem) is an important problem arising in industries. In literature, there are only two approaches with shortcomings to solve the problem. In this paper, the THTMTP is formulated as a mathematical model applicable to the case in which the total available supply at the sources is no less than the total demand at the destinations. A feasible flow-based iterative algorithm named THTMTP-A is proposed to solve the THTMTP by constructing network with lower and upper arc capacities. It is proved that the THTMTP-A algorithm can find the optimal solution to the THTMTP in a polynomial time. The proposed THTMTP-A algorithm has good performance in terms of computer implementation, computational time and required memory for computation, and hence overcomes successfully the shortcomings of the two existing approaches. Computational experiments validate that the THTMTP-A algorithm is an efficient and robust method to solve the THTMTP, and can serve as efficient tool to solve other related optimization problems.     

基于HHT的电能质量扰动定位与分类

针对电能质量扰动定位和识别分类的需求,提出了一种基于HHT的电能质量扰动定位与分类的新方法。采用HHT算法对电能质量扰动信号进行变换,获得瞬时幅值、Hilbert谱和边际谱,并利用Hilbert谱对扰动信号进行定位。从瞬时幅值、Hilbert谱和边际谱中提取特征量,为决策分类树提供判断依据以便进行分类识别。仿真实验结果表明,采用HHT算法与决策分类树相结合的电能质量扰动定位与分类不需训练,提取的特征量少而有效,分类识别的效果较好,具有良好的抗噪性能。     

基于等效电路法的负阻尼能量机理及振荡源定位方法探讨

为解释自由振荡中产生振荡源的机理,在能量法基础之上提出了等效电路法。对电力系统各元件分别建立了其等效电路并组合得到系统的等效电路。根据电路理论,将积分形式的振荡源定位判据转化为相量判据。对于励磁系统,提出了3种振荡源定位判据。将这3种判据转化为相量形式并组合,分析了励磁系统产生振荡源的机理。算例仿真证明了该分析方法的正确性和有效性。该方法可用于在线定位励磁系统振荡源,并分析由于励磁参数设定不当而形成振荡源的机理。     

2205双相不锈钢包埋粉末渗硼性能研究

目的 提高2205双相不锈钢的硬度和耐蚀性能.方法 2205双相不锈钢采用固体包埋粉末渗硼,于马沸炉中分别在830、860、890℃下保温5 h;在860℃下保温3、5、7 h,随炉冷却到室温.用金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察渗硼层的形貌和测定渗硼层的厚度,用维氏硬度计测定渗硼层的硬度,用纳米压痕仪测定渗硼层不同深度的硬度,用X射线衍射仪分析渗硼层的物相组成,评定渗硼层与基体的结合力,做不同介质下耐蚀性对比试验.结果 渗硼层与基体结合牢固,破坏等级评为一级,渗硼层主要由Fe2 B单相组成.在860℃下保温不同时间,渗硼层的厚度及硬度均随时间的增长而逐渐增大;在不同温度下保温5 h时,渗硼层的厚度及硬度随温度的升高而逐渐增大.渗硼后试样在质量分数都为10%的HCl和NaCl溶液中耐蚀性提高,在质量分数均为10%的H2 SO4、NaOH和HNO3溶液中耐蚀性变差.结论 固体粉末包埋法渗硼工艺改善了2205双相不锈钢的表面组织和性能,有效提高了其硬度及耐蚀性.     

Oxidation behavior and microstructure evolution of SiC-ZrB2-ZrC coating for C/C composites at 1673 K

To protect carbon/carbon (C/C) composites against oxidation, a SiC-ZrB₂-ZrC coating was prepared by the in-situ reaction between ZrC, B₄C and Si. The thermogravimetric and isothermal oxidation results indicated the as-synthesized coating to show superior oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures, so it could effectively protect C/C composites for more than 221 h at 1673 K in air. The crystalline structure and morphology evolution of the multiphase SiC-ZrB₂-ZrC coating were investigated. With the increase of oxidation time, the SiO₂ oxide layer transformed from amorphous to crystalline. Flower-like and flake-like SiO₂ structures were generated on the glass film during the oxidation process of SiC-ZrB₂-ZrC coating, which might be ascribed to the varying concentration of SiO. The oxide scale presented a two-layered structure ~130 µm thick after oxidation, consisting of a SiO₂-rich glass layer containing ZrO₂/ZrSiO₄ particles and a Si-O-Zr layer. The multiphase SiC-ZrB₂-ZrC ceramic coating exhibited much better oxidation resistance than monophase SiC, ZrB₂ or ZrC ceramic due to the synergistic effect among the different components.     

基于物联网的地质灾害自动化实时监测体系设计与实践

通过物联网技术实现地质灾害各监测要素的物物相连,实现前端报警、无线互联互通功能,建立地质灾害监测预警平台,实现专业监测数据具备部、省、市、县四级信息互联互通的功能实时共享;使监测预警信息实时发送至隐患点防灾责任人、监测责任人和监测人,以指导一线防灾工作高效开展;并在自贡市荣县一匹山崩塌预警过程中取得了重要成效,具有很强的参考价值。     

天然气制乙炔副产炭黑/白炭黑复合材料的制备与性能研究

探索天然气制乙炔副产炭黑的利用新途径对于实现资源高效利用、促进化工企业经济增长以及降低环境污染具有重要意义。针对天然气制乙炔副产炭黑表面活性不佳限制了其在补强领域的应用等问题,提出了用白炭黑原位复合副产炭黑的方法制备复合材料,并将其用于丁苯橡胶的补强。分别采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、热重分析（TGA）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、吸油值、接触角、粒径分析（DLS）、电子万能材料试验机等手段对样品的性能进行表征。实验结果表明,采用原位复合的方式成功将白炭黑包覆在副产炭黑表面,无规则形貌的炭黑转变为规整的球形结构,D₅₀粒径由9.54 μm增大到30.04 μm,吸油值由1.2 mL/g提高到3.04 mL/g,接触角由85.62°降低到38.29°,亲水性明显增强。副产炭黑/白炭黑复合材料对丁苯橡胶的增强作用比单一的副产炭黑增强效果明显提升,其邵A硬度提升10%,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率以及定伸应力（300%、500%）分别提高了60%、14%、10%、13%。该复合材料的开发为炭黑资源化、高值化利用提供了新途径,有效助力天然气化工绿色可持续发展。     

溶剂型四氯乙烯清洗剂的配方研究

以四氯乙烯作为主溶剂,考察了助溶剂、表面活性剂、缓蚀剂的组成成分对清洗剂的清洗效果及防腐能力的影响,通过正交试验的考察[95%乙醇（A）、十二烷基苯磺酸钠（B）、AEO-9（C）、咪唑（D）4个因素],得到因素影响的大小顺序是：咪唑＞乙醇＞十二烷基苯磺酸钠＞AEO-9。优化后的最佳配方比例为：OP-103%;AEO-95%;十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.5%;司班80.2%;95%乙醇3%;咪唑0.25%;2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚0.25%;四氯乙烯86%。     

高浓度含氮废水处理技术研究

文章在分析高浓度含氮废水水质特征的基础上,着重介绍了近年来国内外该类废水处理过程中常用的各种物化法、生物法,同时进行了分析比较,提出了目前在高浓度含氮废水处理中存在的主要问题。     

Isolation and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in Chinese food obtained from the central area of China

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from Chinese food, including frozen dumplings, flavored raw meat, roasted meat, braised meat, and a cold vegetable dish with sauce. A total of 900 food samples were collected from supermarkets, open-air markets, and delicatessens in three large cities in the central area of China to examine the presence of L. monocytogenes; 21 (2.3%) of the samples were positive for this pathogen. Among the different samples, braised meat showed the highest L. monocytogenes detection rate (4.4%). Samples obtained from delicatessens showed a much higher L. monocytogenes contamination rate (8.3%) than those from open-air markets (6.7%) or supermarkets (0%). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis indicated that the 21 bacterial isolates belonged to 12 ST subgroups. ST5 was the largest and contained 7 isolates (33.3%); it was followed by ST474, ST121 and ST9 (each containing 2 isolates [10.5%]). Antibiotic susceptibility analysis showed that the 21 L. monocytogenes isolates were thoroughly resistant to cefoxitin but highly susceptible to doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. The presence of 10 virulence genes was evaluated by PCR, which showed that inlA, inlC, inlJ, prfA, hlyA, and plcB were present in all isolates and that inlB, actA, plcA and iap were present in 71.4–90.5% of the isolates. This study provides a useful reference for risk assessment and control of L. monocytogenes contamination in Chinese food and for the treatment of clinical listeriosis.