Safety-based availability assessment at design stage

The availability of a system or equipment is one of the crucial characteristics that measures the customer satisfaction and strongly influences his final choice decision between concurrent products. The aim of this work is to provide an approach to improve the products availability assessment by taking into account the safety criteria by considering the use situations at design stage. Our work focuses on the routine design of complex products. The availability is often simply estimated considering reliability and maintainability. Basically, the intrinsic availability is the probability that it is operating satisfactorily at any point in time when used under conditions stated by design specifications. The time considered includes operating time and active repair time. Thus, intrinsic availability excludes from consideration all other times in the product lifecycle such as: accident management time, storage time, administrative time or logistic time. But many studies show that the loss of availability performance is also due to accidents that occur in different unforeseeable utilization situations. This engenders stops of the system to ensure the users safety according to standards recommendations. In this purpose, we consider the structural product architecture and the different use cases that correspond to the operational states and downtimes due to stop events that may happen during the utilization like failures, maintenance tasks and accidents. Then, we propose a product behavioral analysis including the use cases to describe interactions between the product and users or maintenance operators. We use Markov chains to model the use cases corresponding to operating time (OT), maintenance time (MT) and preparing time after accidents (RT). Then these three parameters are considered to specify a generic approach to improve the availability assessment. Such an approach provides the traceability of the product behavior along its lifecycle. In this way, the main causes of stop can be identified and this may guide the designer for improving the availability of the product future versions. To validate our approach, an application is presented considering a printing line. The comparison of our simulation considering an industrial case study shows a good agreement about the influence of safety on the availability.     

基于AJAX技术创建的异步方法应用研究

遵循AJAX技术的基本原理,创建了一个简单的异步引用方法,并给出登录实例来说明如何实现该方法的引用,减少代码冗余。主要阐述了通过创建方法,并引用方法到不同Web应用程序中,实现了代码的优化。     

脱水过程中无核白葡萄转录组测序及膜脂降解代谢中关键基因的筛选

该研究以吐鲁番地区无核白葡萄为试验材料,在25 ℃常温和30 ℃热风干燥后,取失水25%、50%时褐变和未褐变的样品。利用转录组测序技术筛选出膜脂降解代谢相关的关键基因,并利用实时荧光定量PCR技术对其进行验证,研究结果显示,转录组测序共获得了11.63亿的clean data,当无核白失水50%时未褐变与褐变的相比,在快速脱水组筛选出718个差异表达基因,慢速脱水组2 259个。将上述基因进行GO功能富集和KEGG富集分析后,筛选出43个膜脂代谢相关的差异基因,归类于5种代谢途径。从已获得的差异基因中最终筛选出乙醛脱氢酶7B4（Aldehyde Dehydrogenase7B4,ALDH7B4）、双半乳糖甘油二酯合成酶1（Digalactose Diglycerol Synthetase1,DGD1）、脂氧合酶（Lipoxygenase,LOX）、磷脂磷酸水解酶2（Lipid Phosphate Phosphatase2,LPP2）、二酰基甘油激酶5（Diacylglycerol Kinase5,DGK5）、非特异性磷脂酶C4（Non-specific Phospholipase C4,NPC4）、磷脂酶Dα1（Phospholipase Dα1,PLDα1）7个膜脂代谢相关的关键基因,经qRT-PCR验证,基因表达趋势与转录组测序结果基本一致。结果表明,膜脂降解代谢相关基因表达量变化对无核白脱水褐变有一定影响。     

某新型灌水器流道水力性能的数值模拟

采用RNG紊流模型,对不同压力进口条件下的某新型灌水器内部流道进行了三维数值模拟,通过与实测结果进行对比,验证了所选数学模型的可靠性和正确性,并得到该新型灌水器水头损失和流量关系以及上下游压差力和流量的关系,可以为微灌灌水器的研发提供技术支撑。     

传感器实验台与虚拟仪器系统开展传感器课程实验的结果分析

传感器实验台常用于显示测量的物理量,而虚拟仪器系统不仅能够测量信号,还可以扩展为测控系统。设计传感器虚拟仪器旨在开展测控课程实验项目,通过与实验台测量的数据进行比较,分析测试系统的性能指标。结果表明,在灵敏度指标差异不大的情况下,虚拟仪器系统线性度优于传感器实验台的测量。     

基于网络爬虫的跨站检测改进方法研究

跨站攻击通常产生在用户与动态网站交互的输入接口,用于危害网络计算机系统安全和窃取用户隐私。为了防止这种攻击可采用基于网络爬虫的跨站检测方法,对于用户访问的网站进行检测,查看是否具有跨站漏洞或恶意代码。通过对现有跨站漏洞检测工具的工作原理及性能的分析,提出一种基于词汇动态加权重组的跨站漏洞检测方法,称为LDWR-XD。该方法在网页抓取,攻击代码检测等模块比以往工具都有明显的改进。最后,对系统的测试结果表明,系统具有一定的可行性与实用性。     

基于人工神经网络的复杂介质中波的传播不确定性分析方法

土壤在物理系统的工作频率范围内可能表现出较强的色散性,色散物质的不确定参数在波传播的仿真结果中引入了不确定性。在考虑这些仿真结果的可接受性时,量化仿真结果中的不确定性至关重要。针对传统不确定性分析法计算效率低、运算量大的问题,该文以探地雷达建模仿真中的不确定性分析为例,提出一种基于人工神经网络的不确定性分析模型,阐述了模型的构建过程,及克服过拟合问题的策略。作为探地雷达全波仿真的替代模型能够预测仿真结果,进而得到仿真结果的统计信息,如均值、标准差。经比较,在相同的数值模型、不确定性输入参数个数,以及参数变化范围为10%的前提条件下,对任意一组输入参数,输出得到1000组结果时,该方法所得预测结果统计特性与执行全波仿真所得具有较好的一致性,且显著降低运算量,计算时间效率提升79.82%。     

恰拉水库周边土壤盐渍化分析及防治措施初探

为探究治理平原水库周边盐渍化问题的措施,以恰拉水库为例,在非饱和土力学理论的基础上,利用ABAQUS有限元软件分别模拟水库完善防渗体系前后坝体坝基的稳定渗流形态,获得了大坝下游的地下水埋藏深度,并将其与地下水临界深度进行对比,以确定土壤盐渍化的范围。结果表明,水库改建前,防渗体系较差,坝后地下水位很高,水库下游土壤盐渍化的范围距大坝2 290m处;水库改建后,完善了坝体坝基的防渗体系,坝后地下水位有所降低,水库下游土壤盐渍化的范围距大坝1 350m处。可见改善水库防渗体系对降低坝后地下水位、减小盐渍化范围的效果明显,可作为防治平原水库周边土壤盐渍化问题的措施。     

Afterglow of atmospheric non-thermal plasma for disinfection of lentil seeds from Botrytis Grey Mould

Seed-borne fungal diseases of grains are a serious threat to grain crops' yield due to lack of either resistant crop varieties or dependence on fungicides. Therefore, there is a growing demand to develop sustainable technologies for crop protection. In the present study, an atmospheric microwave plasma was employed to eradicate Botrytis cinerea from lentil seeds. Argon, air and a combination of them were applied to create the plasma. There was a 41% reduction in the percentage of artificially contaminated seeds (with an initial contaminated seed percentage of 95.8%) after 100 s treatment of 2.5 g of lentil seeds with the afterglow of air plasma followed by 24-h holding time. A 32.3% reduction occurred when a 30% air/70% Argon was applied for 10 s and 60 min of holding time. The holding time of 24 h increased catalase activity from 0.8 to 1.1 mM H₂O₂ mg⁻¹ min⁻¹ that was an indicator of early plant immune system fortification. This also changed seeds' colour toward redness and yellowness. Conclusively, the afterglow of microwave plasma could be considered as a part of integrated disease management in lentil crops.     

新疆科研投入现状及问题分析

本文基于新疆2001—2013年科学与实验研究投入数据的统计,并且对新疆与全国的科研经费、科研投入强度、科研产出等方面进行差异比较分析,发现新疆科研投入存在的不足和问题,最后在此基础上提出拓展经费融资渠道、加大政府科研投入力度、保护科研人员知识产权等相关政策建议。