浮游植物现存量表征指标间相关性研究Ⅰ:叶绿素a与生物量

收集国内、外有关资料,并结合潘家口水库现场围隔实验,主要从实验室内研究水体、野外围隔水体及天然水体三个方面,对浮游植物叶绿素a含量与生物量间的相关性进行探讨。结果表明:在实验室条件下,叶绿素a与生物量一般呈显著正相关关系,但当优势藻种发生明显变更时,二者相关性不明显甚至不相关;现有资料显示,野外围隔实验水中,叶绿素a与生物量一般呈显著正相关。在天然水体中,叶绿素a与生物量可能相关或不相关。叶绿素a与藻密度的关系将在续文中予以讨论。     

滤饼孔隙率的模拟研究

采用计算机模拟方法,对滤饼中颗粒的凝聚机理进行简化,将所过滤的物料外形形态简化为球形颗粒,进行计算机程序设计,模拟物料在纤维过滤介质中过滤形成滤饼的过程,模拟得出滤饼结构,并进行孔隙率计算,在简化模型的基础上,分析滤饼孔隙率,滤饼厚度以及固体颗粒粒径的相关关系,探索滤饼结构研究的新方法及新途径。     

固定化光催化技术及其适用水处理反应器研究进展

光催化技术因其具有较高的催化活性和低廉的价格已经在水处理中被广泛采用,但是粉末催化剂的明显缺点制约了其工业化应用,因此固定化光催化技术应运而生。通过收集国内外资料,对于光催化固定技术应用的两个关键因素——固定方法和适用的反应器的发展进行了介绍。当固定的同时催化剂活性不会大幅下降,且采用适合于该种载体的反应器,固定化光催化技术在水处理领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids: Principles and applications

In the relatively well established family of smart materials such as those based on ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, magnetostriction, electrostriction and the shape memory effect, there resides another sub-set of materials known as ‘field responsive fluids’. These include magnetorheological (MR), magnetic liquids or ferrofluids and electrorheological (ER) fluids. This article provides a summary of the properties and applications and recent advances concerning MR fluids and devices. Applications of MR fluids in the automotive and other sectors of technology are also outlined.     

浮游植物现存量表征指标间相关性研究Ⅱ:叶绿素a与藻密度

在前文研究叶绿素a与生物量基础上,本文收集国内、外有关资料,并结合潘家口水库现场围隔实验,主要从室内研究水体、野外围隔水体及天然水体三个方面,进一步探讨浮游植物叶绿素a含量与藻密度间的相关性。结果表明:实验室内藻类纯培养或共培养优势藻种稳定单一时,叶绿素a与藻密度呈显著正相关,优势藻发生变更时,二者可能相关或不相关;围隔实验水体及天然水体中优势藻种稳定单一时,叶绿素a与藻密度一般显著正相关,而藻种发生明显更替时,叶绿素a与藻密度可能相关或不相关。     

A-site deficient Sr0.9Ti0.3Fe0.7O3−δ perovskite：A high stable cobalt-free oxygen electrode material for solid oxide electrochemical cells with excellent electrocatalytic activity and CO2 tolerance

Recently, SrTi_0.3Fe_0.7O_3?δ (STF) has been investigated as a highly stable oxygen electrode material for solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOCs) with a sufficiently low resistance for cell operation at temperatures of > 700 °C. However, in general, the STF electrode performance is limited at temperatures of ≤ 700 °C due to the low oxygen surface exchange coefficient, which is mainly caused by high Sr surface segregation. To improve the electrode performance, Sr_0.9(Ti_0.3Fe_0.7)O_3?δ (A-STF) with an A-site-deficient design is developed to reduce the Sr content and thus reduce the Sr surface segregation, thereby providing a unique combination of excellent oxygen electrode performance and long-term stability. The A-site deficiency reduces the electrode polarization resistance by > 3 times at 600 °C and clearly improves the oxygen diffusion and surface exchange coefficients due to the decrease of Sr surface segregation. The A-STF electrode exhibits stable performance in the fuel cell and electrolysis modes at 1 A cm^?2 > 1200 h. The stability of STF-based oxygen electrodes in a CO₂-enriched atmosphere is investigated, and the results indicate that A-STF exhibits excellent CO₂ tolerance.