临桂县小型农田水利奖补政策实践与思考

以奖代补政策是临桂县人民政府为扶持农村水利建设而出台的一项惠民政策,该政策自2011年出台以来已3年多,在给百姓带来诸多收益的同时,也暴露出了许多问题,为此,总结3年以来政策执行情况和实践经验,分析存在问题,提出改进建议。     

电站泄流对坝下航道影响研究进展

水电枢纽建设改善了库区航运条件,但电站泄流会对坝下游航道产生影响,需要对此研究以实现水电开发与航运建设的协调发展.在分析大量研究文献与资料的基础上,总结了电站下游流量、泥沙、水位在电站建设前后变化与沿程变化的特性,归纳了电站泄流对坝下游设计最低通航水位、通航水流条件(沿程流速、流向与比降)、河床演变的影响,以及提出了应对策略与措施等研究成果,最后指出了有待进一步研究的问题,以期推动本领域研究的深入开展.     

聚合物纤维混凝土试验研究

针对水利工程的特点,采用掺入不同品种和不同掺量聚合物纤维试验方案,采用自行设计的试验方法(约束法)测定混凝土抗裂性能,对聚合物纤维混凝土的配合比和性能进行研究.研究结果表明,聚合物纤维混凝土的抗裂性能、抗渗性能、变形性能和力学性能等比普通混凝土显著提高.     

浅谈良庆区农田水利灌溉存在问题及对策

通过对南宁市良庆区农田水利灌溉现状的调查研究,分析存在的问题,结合近年来的实践,提出以工程配套、节水增效和管理体制机制改革为重点,通过构建“两大灌片”,打造“三小工程”,推进“一项改革”,改善农业基础设施条件,着力增加有效灌溉面积等措施及对策,从而进一步提高良庆区农业抵御自然灾害的能力。     

房县高桥沟水库大坝渗流和稳定性分析

以房县高桥沟水库大坝为例,运用有限单元法对粘土心墙坝的渗流进行分析计算,同时运用瑞典圆弧滑动法对粘土心墙坝的坝体稳定进行分析计算,在此基础上对水库大坝进行了渗流安全评价和稳定性安全评价。     

Effect of vacuum removal on consolidation settlement under a combined vacuum and surcharge preloading

The combined vacuum and surcharge preloading technique is extensively used to accelerate the consolidation process of subsoils. The effect of vacuum pressure is often considered as a loading/unloading cycle of mean effective stress, such that elastic rebound occurs after vacuum removal, which cannot explain the observed postconstruction settlement in the field. In this study, the stress state of subsoils subject to vacuum and surcharge preloading is analyzed and decomposed into two components: (a) geostatic consolidation at a different depth, and (b) loading/unloading in the minor principal stress direction. A series of consolidated drained triaxial tests is conducted to simulate the soil behaviour after vacuum removal. Results show that the contribution of unloading in the minor principal stress direction outweighs the magnitude of elastic rebound after vacuum removal, and hence continued settlement dominates. A field case for highways is provided to further demonstrate the proposed mechanism.     

天池面板堆石坝三维变形应力计算分析

采用Duncan-Chang E-B模型模拟堆石体,接触面单元模拟面板与垫层之间的接触,面板竖缝和周边缝用分离缝模拟,对天池面板堆石坝进行了三维有限元变形应力分析,得到了堆石体、面板的位移应力及分布规律,分析了面板竖缝和周边缝的变形。计算结果表明:坝体的位移、应力均在合理范围内,面板缝和周边缝变形满足静力要求。     

Degradation processes of reinforced concretes by combined sulfate–phosphate attack

A novel form of alteration due to the interaction between hydrated cement phases and sulfate and phosphate-based pollutants is described, through the characterization of concrete samples from an industrial reinforced concrete building. Decalcification of the cement matrices was observed, with secondary sulfate and phosphate-based mineral formation, according to a marked mineralogical and textural zoning. Five alteration layers may be detected: the two outermost layers are characterized by the presence of gypsum–brushite solid solution phases associated with anhydrous calcium sulfates and phosphates, respectively, while a progressive increase in apatite and ammonium magnesium phosphates is observable in the three innermost layers, associated with specific apatite precursors (brushite, octacalcium phosphate and amorphous calcium phosphate, respectively). The heterogeneous microstructural development of secondary phases is related to the chemical, pH and thermal gradients in the attacked cementitious systems, caused by different sources of pollutants and the exposure to the sun's radiation.     

-10℃即时受冻条件下外加剂和掺和料对负温混凝土性能影响

在-10℃即时受冻条件下,采用SK复合防冻剂、粉煤灰、纤维素醚和硅粉配制C30F300混凝土,以研究无预养情况下,化学与矿物外加剂对负温混凝土抗压强度、耐久性能和变形性能的影响.结果表明:在-10℃即时受冻条件下,掺加SK复合防冻剂可配制满足C30F300设计等级的负温混凝土,复掺SK复合防冻剂和矿物掺和料是制备负温混凝土的关键技术.另外,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、压汞法(MIP)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试方法,对比研究了未掺与掺加SK复合防冻剂水泥净浆的水化过程,阐明了SK复合防冻剂的作用机理;从理论上探讨了SK复合防冻剂、纤维素醚和矿物掺和料对负温混凝土的作用,可以为混凝土配合比设计与施工提供技术参考.     

雪花形抗泥聚羧酸减水剂设计及性能试验

采用由分子结构优化设计的酯化和聚合反应方法,合成具有雪花形侧链的新型抗泥聚羧酸减水剂(PCA-SF).利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析了蒙脱土(MMT)对PCA-SF层间吸附和表面吸附的影响;研究了PCA-SF对含MMT水泥净浆流动度及混凝土抗压强度、干缩率的影响.结果表明:MMT层间及表面均吸附了PCA-SF分子,与普通聚羧酸减水剂(PCA-1)相比,PCA-SF扩大了MMT的层间距,缩小了MMT与水泥石的界面过渡区,增加了与MMT的相容性,提高了掺MMT混凝土的强度并降低了其收缩率.