基于情景模拟的城市内涝对道路交通的影响评估

以上海市中心城区为例,构建了城市内涝淹没数值模型,用于模拟50年一遇和100年一遇设计暴雨情景下的内涝,结合道路淹没模拟结果与车速衰减计算方法,叠加车速衰减结果与城市道路通行状态模拟,获取不同设计暴雨情景下高峰期和平峰期研究区路网运行状态。结果表明：城市内涝会导致道路交通服务水平显著下降,且道路运行状态与时段密切相关;高峰期内涝对道路交通的影响更加显著,主要表现为低服务水平的道路数量占比显著增加;50年一遇和100年一遇设计暴雨情景下,高峰期研究区道路平均通行速度较平峰期分别下降19.3%和37.4%。     

Prediction of extreme precipitation using a neural network: application to summer flood occurrence in Moravia

Dramatic floods occurred in Central Europe in summer 1997, and Czech Republic has been seriously affected in its eastern part—Moravia. A predictive approach based on modelling flood recurrence may be helpful in flood management. Summer floods are typically characterized by saturated catchment due to long-lasting heavy precipitation followed by a sudden extreme rainfall. In present work an artificial neural network (ANN) model was evaluated for precipitation forecasting. Back propagation neural networks were trained with actual monthly precipitation data from two Moravian meteorological stations for a time period of 38 years. Predicted amounts are of next-month-precipitation and summer precipitation in the next year. The ANN models provided a good fit with the actual data, and have shown a high feasibility in prediction of extreme precipitation.     

Surface modification of cellulose nanofibers with alkenyl succinic anhydride for high-density polyethylene reinforcement

Hydrophobic cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were prepared by surface modification using alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA). The hydrophobicity of CNFs was varied by changing the degree of substitution (DS) from 0 to 0.83. Modified CNFs were mixed with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) using a twin-screw extruder and the resulting composites were injection molded. The tensile properties initially improved with increasing DS up to ∼0.3–0.5, and then decreased with further substitution. The tensile strength and modulus of 10 wt.% HDPE/CNF composites containing 8.8 wt.% ASA (DS: 0.44) were 43.4 MPa and 1.97 GPa, respectively. These values were both almost 70% higher than those of composites containing unmodified CNF, and 100% and 86% higher, respectively, than those for pure HDPE. X-ray computed tomography measurements showed that CNFs modified with a DS of 0.44 were dispersed uniformly within the resin matrix, whilst unmodified CNFs and those modified with a DS of 0.77 agglomerated within the composites.     

Agent based mobile negotiation for personalized pricing of last minute theatre tickets

This paper proposes an agent based mobile negotiation framework for personalized pricing of last minutes theatre tickets whose values are dependent on the time remaining to the performance and the locations of potential customers. In particular, case based reasoning and fuzzy cognitive map techniques are adopted in the negotiation framework to identify the best initial offer zone and adopt multi criteria decision in the scoring function to evaluate offers. The proposed framework is tested via a computer simulation in which personalized pricing policy shows higher market performance than other policies therefore the validity of the proposed negotiation framework.     

景区规划中建筑选址的量化分析———以台湾纱帽山区域为例简

景区的快速发展与繁荣对其今后的建设提出了新的挑战.景区规划过程中建筑的选址不仅仅面向功能性需求,而且对生态性及选址的方法有了更高的要求.在对纱帽山地区进行全面调查的基础上,利用GIS技术的叠加功能,通过中心度分析对景区合理区域进行解析.结果表明,在纱帽山地区用于开发的10个可拓展区域中,x10是该景区建筑选址的优先考虑地点.     

再生水回用于水体的富营养化及其景观修复措施

随着北京、天津等中国大城市淡水资源的紧缺加剧,再生水已成为城市景观用水的重要的水源之一。以再生水为补水水源的城市水体比天然河流、湖泊更容易发生富营养化问题。因此,保障水体水质达到相应的功能要求,研究水质净化与维持的方法和技术具有十分重要的现实意义。采用景观修复手段防治水体富营养化具有生态可持续性的优点,而且维护成本较低,并能创造充满野趣的生态景观,越来越得到人们的重视。本文探讨了人工湿地技术、水体系统优化设计、水生生物调控技术等景观修复措施的应用,从源头补水处理,景观水体系统合理设计,景观水质、效果控制和维护三个方面入手,改善再生水回用的富营养化状况,重塑自然生态的水体环境。     

DIC assessment of foundation soil response for different reinforcement between base and soft subgrade layer – Physical modeling

This paper presents insights from small-scale model tests on statically loaded strip footing on dense base sand supported by a single reinforcement layer. The selected reinforcement includes various lengths of wire mesh and a non-woven geotextile placed on soft subgrade sand. The influence of these inclusions on base and subgrade response (deformations and failure mechanism) is evaluated from the displacement pattern obtained by the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The benefits of the reinforcement and geotextile were assessed by comparing the results obtained for the improved and unreinforced soil model. Additionally, the confining effect of the reinforcement was experimentally analyzed by comparing the sand displacements around the wire mesh reinforcement with different aperture geometry and geotextile without apertures. These systematically selected reinforcement geometries enabled the investigation of the aperture size influence on base and subgrade behavior during surcharge loading. Results confirm the contribution of reinforcement inclusions to the improved behavior of base and subgrade layers compared to the unreinforced soil. The test results with different reinforcement confirm the influence of the aperture geometry on the model response during the surcharge load application. Compared to large apertures, enhanced confining and membrane actions were obtained for reinforcement with relatively small apertures.     

Effect of geogrid reinforcement on the load transfer in pile-supported embankment under cyclic loading

This paper investigated effects of geogrid reinforcement on the load transfer in pile-supported embankment under cyclic loading using self-moving trapdoor tests. In the self-moving trapdoor test setup, the trapdoor between two stationary portions (which were equivalent to the piles) was supported by compression springs to simulate the subsoil. Quartz sand and a biaxial geogrid were used as the test fill and reinforcement material, respectively. Tests results show that soil arching above the geogrid reinforcement and load transfer to the stationary portions (caused by the soil arching and tensioned membrane effect) experienced a process of “relatively enhancing - relatively degrading” with an increase in the number of cycles and maintained similar degrees within each complete cycle of cyclic loading. Moreover, the inclusion of geogrid reinforcement reduced the mobilization of soil arching, but increased the degree of load transfer to the stationary portions. In addition, cyclic loading with a higher frequency tended to mobilize more soil arching and induce a higher degree of load transfer to stationary portions. Also observed was that a higher frequency cyclic loading tended to decelerate the degradation of load transfer to stationary portions and caused less surface settlement, which indicating increased load-carrying capacity of pile-supported embankment.