TiO2-SnO2 coated bamboo biochar for electrochemical treatment of coking wastewater

A new type of bamboo biochar (BC) loaded TiO₂-SnO₂ particle electrode was prepared and characterized by SEM, FT-IR, BET and XRD for efficient treatment of the coking wastewater in a three-dimensional electrochemical reaction system(3DERs). The results showed that bamboo biochar had a dense microporous space structure, and a significant amount of Ti-Sn oxides existed on the surface and in the interior of the BC. The removal rates of COD and DOC in coking wastewater reached to 73.96% and 66.72% respectively, and UV₂₅₄ reduced from 6.65 cm^-1 to 3.00 cm^-1 by the electrolysis treatment of 150 min at the current density of 30 mA/cm². The three-dimensional fluorescence spectra indicated that the most of the soluble organic compounds and soluble microbial by-products were degraded and transformed. The addition of Ti and Sn enhanced the efficacy of the electrooxidation, electro-adsorption and electrocatalytic behavior of the BC particle electrodes, which improved the treatment effect on coking wastewater in the 3DERs. In addition, this study provides the possibility of basic research for the engineering practice of electrochemical oxidation treatment of coking wastewater.     

热活化水化高铝水泥颗粒吸附氟化物行为研究

对水化高铝水泥颗粒(ALC)进行热活化改性,制备成活化温度t不同的吸附剂(ALCt),研究了热活化温度、pH值、共存离子和离子强度等因素对ALCt吸附氟化物性能的影响,同时利用热重分析(TGA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析了其表面形态、内部结构特征和吸附机理.结果表明:在25℃、pH=7、初始氟浓度100mg/L条件下,热活化温度为600℃的吸附剂ALC600平衡吸附量高达17.42mg/g,且能在较宽的pH值范围(5~9)具有良好的除氟性能;共存离子Cl^-、NO3^-、SO4^2-和离子强度对ALC600的吸附效果影响不明显;ALC600的吸附过程遵循准二级动力学模型,符合Langmuir等温线模型,其理论最大吸附容量为223.72mg/g.结合吸附氟化物前后ALC600的晶体结构、化学键、表面形态的变化,确定其吸附机理是以化学吸附为主,通过内部络合和表面沉淀来实现氟离子的去除,同时也涉及离子交换和静电作用.     

铝合金表面氟铝酸钠转化膜改性研究

对6063铝合金的氟铝酸钠转化膜进行了改性,确定改性后的最佳工艺条件为:氟化钠7.5 g/L,硅酸钠5 g/L,六偏磷酸钠3 g/L,偏钒酸铵5 g/L,pH值3.0～4.0,常温,转化时间20 min。采用该工艺对铝合金进行转化处理,极化曲线测试结果表明,铝合金表面的腐蚀电位正移了大约70 mV,腐蚀电流密度减小了大约90%,耐蚀性显著提高,耐中性盐雾时间可达264 h。     

表面流人工湿地对高含量有机污染河水的去除效果研究

利用不同植物(芦苇、香蒲)表流人工湿地处理高含量有机污染河水的研究。结果表明,当水力负荷为0.041m3/(d.m2),进水COD和BOD5分别为178.9～480.2 mg/L和40.75～225.6 mg/L,最大去除效果分别可达到93.64%和99.25%。出水COD低于90 mg/L,BOD5低于22 mg/L,均达到GB 18918-2002排放二级标准。高含量有机污水进入表面流人工湿地之后,有机物有效去除长度为32 m,其中发挥主要作用的场所是距进水点21 m以内的区域。表面流人工湿地中,芦苇床和香蒲床对高含量有机污染物去除效果无明显差异,它们根际和根区细菌总数差别不大。     

Characterization of microbial communities in a fluidized-pellet-bed bioreactor for wastewater treatment

In order to make clear the microbiological characteristics of the fluidized-pellet-bed bioreactor (FPB) which is a newly developed wastewater treatment device to perform coagulation, particle pelletization, biological degradation and solid-liquid separation in a single unit, the method of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was applied in this study paying attention to the microbial diversity of the granular sludge. Spread plate method was also used for enumeration of aerobic bacteria in unit weight of granular sludge. As a result, slight difference was found between the total aerobic bacteria at the bottom, middle, and top sections though the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration decreased from about 3.5 mg/L at the bottom inlet to 0.23 mg/L at the top of the FPB bioreactor. From the DGGE finger printing, 17 common species were identified from all these sections, and certain specific species were also identified from each section. The comparability of the microbial communities in the three sections was 83.1%, indicating a very stable structure of the microbial communities. The 16 S rRNA sequence analysis results revealed that the 18 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) obtained all belong to Eubacteria. Among them 11 are Proteobacteria, 3 are Actinobacteria, 2 are low G + C gram-positive bacteria and the remaining 2 belong to other bacteria branches. The dominant microbial communities are typical aerobes or facultative anaerobes commonly encountered in conventional activated sludge.     

煤化工废水中油泥的聚结分离与水中有机物的去除效果

针对煤化工废水中存在的高浓度油及油泥的问题,本研究制备了高电荷、低聚合度的无机复合材料和低电荷、高聚合度的有机复合材料,探究无机、有机复合材料协同作用下对煤化工废水中油及油泥的聚结分离效果以及对废水中有机物的去除特性。结果表明,无机、有机复合材料在复合比例为500∶1的条件下,废水中油和固体悬浮物（SS）去除率分别达到55%和98%;现场试验发现,无机、有机复合材料对油含量1700～2000mg/L,SS含量为1500～2000mg/L的废水,油和SS的去除率一直稳定于50%和95%左右,表现出较好的稳定性;进一步对废水中典型有机物的去除效果研究可知,该复合材料同时也对废水中各类有机物有较好的去除效果,多环芳烃（PAHs）、苯系物和酚类物质的去除率可达到82.85%、41.9%和37.56%。可以发现,无机、有机复合材料可有效解决煤化工废水中油及油泥的去除问题,具有广阔的产业化应用前景。     

基于灰色GM(1,N)自记忆模型的城市生活需水量预测

以宝鸡市为例,构建了灰色GM(1,N)自记忆城市生活需水预测模型,采用灰色斜率关联度筛选城市生活需水量的最主要影响因素,并考虑到建模中.实例结果表明,模型拟合和预测精度均较高,可为城市规划提供参考.     

污水再生利用工程运行状况评价指标体系的构建与应用

构建污水再生利用工程评价指标体系并对其运行状况进行综合评价。根据集中式和分散式污水再生利用工程的不同特征,在分析其主要影响因素的基础上,分别构建了由水量、水质、技术、经济、管理5个方面量度,13个单项指标组成的污水再生利用工程运行状况评价指标体系,采用BP神经网络综合评价法,选取西安市现有集中与分散式污水再生利用典型工程分别进行评价。评价结果与污水再生利用工程实际状况吻合,表明所构建的评价指标体系合理可行,能为污水再生利用系统的规划和管理提供有效依据。     

煤化工废水中酚类物质、氨氮的处理方法研究进展

煤化工废水是一种典型的有毒、难降解性工业废水。经预处理后的废水中仍含有大量的有毒有害物质,其中氨氮、酚类物质是典型的代表,氨氮含量在200mg/L左右,酚类物质含量占COD值的40%以上,浓度高达1000mg/L。如果对这些高毒性的物质不加处理或处理深度不够,则对环境和生命都会造成极大的危害。因此,酚类物质、氨氮的有效处理是实现煤化工废水无害化处理以及绿色可持续发展的关键。本综述主要从酚类物质处理技术与工艺、氨氮处理技术与工艺两个方面梳理了国内外煤化工废水中酚类物质、氨氮的处理现状,也全面分析了各种技术与工艺的优缺点。使该领域的研究人员以更加科学的方法了解煤化工废水中酚类物质、氨氮处理技术与工艺的研究现状和发展趋势。最后,探讨了未来煤化工废水中酚类物质、氨氮处理的发展前景。     

污染河水人工湿地生态净化工程设计

针对西安市主要纳污河道皂河流入渭河造成渭河西安段水体污染严重的问题,利用渭河河滩地建设人工湿地生态净化工程,对皂河入渭河水质进行处理以改善城市水环境。结合占地为80 hm2、设计处理规模为7.0×104m3/d的皂河入渭口人工湿地的设计,介绍了工程的工艺流程、主要构筑物的设计参数,并对该工程的特点进行了简要阐述。运行结果表明人工湿地适合应用于我国西北干旱、半干旱地区城市水环境的生态修复。