Multiscale analysis of the urbanization pattern of the Phoenix metropolitan landscape of USA: Time,space and thematic resolution

Investigating the ecological consequences of urbanization require knowledge of land-cover dynamics. Quantification of land-use/land-cover change in Phoenix, Arizona during the period of 1985–2005 using landscape metrics computed from Landsat-derived maps revealed temporal patterns of landscape composition and configuration. With accelerated urbanization the landscape as a whole became more fragmented ecologically and more complex compositionally and geometrically. However, the majority of individual patches became more compact in shape. Urban land covers, especially xeric residential, increased substantially and the desert decreased by 20%. Spatial and thematic resolution of data was shown to have large effects on the analysis of land-cover pattern. Our results, while agreeing in general with previously reported scaling relations with respect to changing spatial grain and extent, showed that scaling relations are also robust and consistent across thematic resolutions and time periods. Some metrics behaved unpredictably and some exhibited scale-free behavior. Compositional metrics, such as patch density, diversity, evenness, and largest patch index, were well correlated with vegetative cover, its spatial variation, and population density. Many of these correlations exhibited hump-shaped patterns with respect to increasing grain size, indicating a characteristic scale at approximately 500–1000 m. By simultaneously manipulating spatial and thematic resolutions, the importance of the Modifiable Area Unit Problem in relating landscape patterns to vegetation and socio-economic variables was also demonstrated. Additionally, highly variable desert vegetation due to precipitation variability poses a challenge for accurately quantifying urbanization pattern in arid environments. Choosing appropriate spatial, temporal and thematic resolutions is essential in meeting this challenge.     

张家口城市雕塑发展对策研究

本研究是对张家口特定地域的城市雕塑建设行为进行研究,主要使用的研究方法有个案研究法、文献研究法、跨学科研究法,通过对张家口现有的城市雕塑的现状进行分析,以及张家口的历史、经济、人文、环境城市与雕塑的关系,和对张家口建设园林、宜居城市、申办2020年冬奥会和提升市民的审美水平的影响进行研究.     

模糊综合评价法在余姚江水质评价中的应用

水体质量受到多种因素的影响,水质分类与评价标准具有复杂模糊性,因此,从众多影响因素中选取溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总氮、总磷、五日生化需氧量6个组分作为评价因子,构造综合评判模糊数学模型.对余姚江的开丰桥、蜀山大桥、丈亭、姚江大西坝、姚江大闸5个典型监测站的水质进行监测与综合分析评价.结果表明:丈亭、姚江大西坝、姚江大闸监测站的水质基本达到地表水环境质量标准,但其他监测站的水质评价结果不容乐观.该模型操作方法简单、结果可靠.通过水质评价为其合理使用提供指导,可以有针对性的制定江河水质的治理方案.     

基于可拓传导效应的水能资源区划模型研究

为了综合考虑技术因素、经济因素和生态因素等诸多方面在区域河流承载能力划分中的作用,提出了一种基于可拓传导效应的区域水能划分模型。该模型通过考虑多指标权重变化,尤其是农村水电站建立过程对水能区划的影响,研究了技术可开发性和生态可开发性之间的矛盾问题,建立了该问题的消解机制和评估方式。最后通过对浙江省典型流域的水能区划进行实证研究,分层次、宽尺度地验证区域水能区划模型的可行性。