Numerical study on cooling characteristics of two-phase closed thermosyphon embankment in permafrost regions

The two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) is an effective heat transfer device decreasing the ground temperature around it in cold season, but not absorbing heat energy in warm season. In this paper, in order to research the efficiency of the TPCT applied to the embankment in permafrost regions, a three-dimension model for the TPCT embankment was presented based on the work characteristics of the TPCT and on the related heat transfer theories. The numerical results showed that 1) the model can reasonably solve the coupled heat transfer problem of air-TPCT-soil for TPCT embankment; 2) the TPCT embankment is effective to protect the underlying permafrost and to ensure the stability of roadway in permafrost regions; furthermore, it could play rapidly a cooling effect and approach a thermal balance state after 5 years of construction; and 3) the TPCT, if combined with other engineering methods such as insulation, crushed rock, etc., can be an more effective engineering measure to ensure the stability of roadway engineering in warm permafrost regions.     

高温冻结粉土的累积应变和临界动应力

 在－0.95 ℃恒温状态下对青藏人工冻结粉土试样进行不同动应力幅值下的振动单轴压缩试验,获得2种频率下不同动应力幅值时冻土试样累积应变和振动次数之间的关系曲线,发现冻土的累积应变随着振动次数的增加呈增长的趋势,且表现出稳定型、破坏型和临界型3种形态;在振动次数相同时,动应力幅值越大,累积应变越大;加载初始阶段应变速率随时间的增大而减小,且应变速率对数与时间对数间均有较好的线性关系,但随着振动时间的增加,破坏型曲线的应变速率达到一个最小值后开始增大,稳定型曲线的应变速率则在一定幅度的范围内波动;振动频率越高、动应力幅值越大,应变速率越大;振动频率越高,临界动应力越小。     

冻融作用对压实黄土结构影响的微观定量研究

通过补水条件下的冻融循环试验,对经历不同冻融次数的压实黄土土样进行电镜扫描图像的定量分析,同时进行土样宏观物理性质的测试,探讨微观结构与宏观性质之间的关系,揭示冻融循环对压实黄土结构影响的过程与机理。研究结果表明,随着冻融循环次数的增加,土样内部冰晶的生长及冷生结构的形成导致土样中孔隙体积增加,土颗粒受到挤压并形成新的土骨架结构。大中孔隙个数及其所占孔隙总面积百分比显著增加,由 2 次冻融循环后的 78% 增加至 31 次冻融循环后的 90% 。同时,土样中出现一些由大中孔隙组成的、对黄土湿陷性起控制作用的架空孔隙。宏观物理性质测试表明,随着冻融循环次数的增加,土样含水率显著增加并出现重分布,而干密度则先减小而后基本保持不变。 31 次冻融循环后,土样上下层含水率相比于初始值增加分别超过 140% , 50% ,而干密度则由初始的 1.86 g/cm³ 减小为 1.55 g /cm³ ,减幅为 17% 。微观结构和宏观性质的改变均表明了冻融作用对于压实黄土结构的弱化作用。     

冻融与荷载作用下土体内部孔隙水压力、水分变化规律及其模型试验研究

 在季节冻土区,反复冻融作用导致土体孔隙水压力发生变化,进而导致土体中水分的迁移;对土体施加静荷载,土体内部应力场发生变化,土体内的水分和孔隙水压力亦发生变化。通过模型试验,研究无荷载和荷载两种条件下土体内部孔隙水压力和水分场随冻融循环作用的变化规律,试验结果表明：在荷载和无荷载两种条件下,孔隙水压力在初期呈负值稳定变化,然后快速增大,最后呈周期性变化。在无荷载条件下,随着土体深度的增加,孔隙水压力增大,水分含量减小;在荷载条件下,土体上部和中部位置处的孔隙水压力和水分含量都大于荷载两侧。在一个冻融周期内,土体内部孔隙水压力和水分含量都随温度的升高而增大,随温度的降低而减小,而且孔隙水压力和水分含量随温度的变化都具有滞后性。     

A dynamic model for predicting solar plant performance and optimum control

Planning over the intermediate and long terms for the operation of solar energy systems must be based on the use of measured data and performance models of system components. We present a dynamic model for predicting the thermal performance of a low-temperature solar power plant. We analyse the optimal control regime for energy management. Validation of the model was performed on a large solar plant located in the north of Tunisia. The results showed good agreement between measured and model values. During the cold season, the plant efficiency increases considerably when a greenhouse is connected to the power plant.     

Discrete and continuum approaches to simulate the thermo-hydro-mechanical couplings in a large,fractured rock mass

The study of coupled thermal, mechanical and hydraulic phenomena in fractured rock mass like granite is of major importance for underground wastes repositories. There exist two possible approaches to model a highly fractured rock mass: either represent each fracture individually or use an equivalent continuum. These two approaches have been compared in the frame of a bench mark test (BMT1) on an hypothetic regularly fractured medium hosting nuclear wastes. The methodologies, as well as the algorithms used by the various research teams who participated in the exercise, are presented in detail. The thermal and mechanical results compare rather well, while hydraulic results show pronounced differences which can be partly attributed to the non-linear dependance of the fracture hydraulic conductivity in terms of the aperture.