Polyaniline-based networks combined with Fe3O4 hollow spheres and carbon balls for excellent electromagnetic wave absorption

Polyaniline (PANI)-based networks combined with Fe₃O₄ hollow spheres and carbon balls (FCP) for improved electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption were investigated using an easy-to-industrialize solvothermal and physical method. Hollow structure Fe₃O₄ spheres with a lower density than that of the common solid sphere were prepared. As a thin and light magnetic material, Fe₃O₄ hollow spheres generate magnetic loss, carbon balls and PANI networks generate dielectric loss. The magnetic and conductive parts play appropriate roles in achieving complementarity in the EMW absorption. The relatively high specific surface area introduced by PANI networks promotes interfacial polarization and further supports dielectric loss. In conclusion, the above reasons provide multiple attenuation mechanisms. Samples FCP1 (?65.109 dB, at 12.800 GHz, 1.966 mm, from 5.6 to 18.0 GHz) and FCP2 (?61.033 dB, at 8.480 GHz, 3.328 mm, from 4.3 to 18.0 GHz) demonstrated a wide bandwidth, a small thickness, a minimum reflection loss (R_L), and a low loading ratio (25%) in paraffin-based composites. Specifically, their loading ration of 25% is much lower than the loading ratio of conventional materials (usually 50% and above). In addition, the bandwidth is excessively wide, above 12 GHz, possessing good absorption performance in continuous intervals with different thicknesses. Such excellent characteristics have rarely been reported in literature.     

Papermaking characteristics of three Populus clones grown in the north-central United States

The papermaking properties of 22 pure and hybrid poplars are being evaluated in an on-going investigation. Twenty of the poplars were harvested after 7.5 years from three different sites in the Midwestern and North Central US. The other 2 poplars survived at only two of three sites (64 total samples). The Crandon hybrid had the highest growth rate (t ha⁻¹ y⁻¹) and wood density (both averaged across the 3 sites). This poplar had a high cellulose content (compared to the average), a low lignin content and produced bleached kraft fibers at a high yield (wt.% on wood chips). Further, this poplar responded very well to kraft pulping and oxygen delignification and bleached to the highest final brightness ever observed in our laboratory (94.5% Elrepho). It also produced an 18 kappa number unbleached pulp with <0.5% rejects in only two-thirds the time required for sugar maple (Acer saccharum).We also report on clone 220-5 that had the highest area-weighted average microfibril angle. Pulps from this poplar had excellent tensile properties and further improvements are expected with 1–2 years of additional growth that should result in a small, but significant increase in average fiber length. Some results are also presented for clone 313.55 and aspen (Populus tremuloides) to demonstrate the many substantial benefits that can be accrued from proper wood selection.     

pH/ORP测量应用中的问题解析

1 pH／ORP测量系统的组成 一个完整的测量系统包括pH／ORP电极、保护测量电极的安装支架和测量变送器。测量电极和安装支架的正确选择是组成一个良好的、功能完备的测量系统的必要前提。     

大规模C＋＋软件系统测试驱动开发的设计与实践

介绍了在LINUX环境下采用测试驱动开发（Test-Driven Development,TDD）,对大规模C＋＋软件系统进行增量开发的方法。通过采用Google单元测试框架优化单元测试用例结构,提高单元测试的效率,采用新一代版本构建工具Scons优化复杂的代码依赖关系,采用分布式编译工具Distcc、编译器缓存工具C Cache优化版本构建时间,极大减少了软件开发人员在开发过程中进行TDD所必需的频繁本地构建的成本,为在大规模C＋＋历史遗留系统上,采用TDD进行增量开发,以及进行由此带来的小规模重构提供了有效保证。     

完全子图的邻域重叠社团结构探测

为了能够更准确地对邻域重叠网络进行社团结构探测,对基于完全子图的社团探测算法进行了改进。在合并完全子图团簇时,计算每一对完全子图的重叠节点个数,设置合并完全子图的阈值,如果大于阈值,则合并。当处理不在团簇内的其他节点时,按照比例系数大小为划分规则进行划分。该算法可以应用于空手道俱乐部和科学家合作网当中,其验证算法可以更准确地探测邻域重叠社团结构。     

近40年来长江口沉积物粒度变化及其对底床冲淤的响应

在全球变化和人类活动的双重驱动下,长江口的沉积物来源、输运和河床冲淤正在经历持续性调整。为了探索近40年长江口沉积物输运和海底冲淤时空变化趋势,基于1980—2020年长江口海底沉积物粒度和水下地形数据,采用沉积物粒径趋势模型和多种空间分辨率网格统计分析方法开展研究。结果表明,长江口北支沉积物总体向河道中下部汇聚,南支则在南、北港分流处靠近崇明岛区域形成沉积中心,该结果与基于2012—2020年地形计算的冲淤变化基本相符,沉积中心具有较大的淤积幅度。多年统计结果表明:1980—2003年为高强度输沙时期,整个河口区处于淤积状态,沉积物粒径变细但整体变幅较小;2003—2012年河流输沙量快速降低背景下,2009年前河口区整体依然处于淤积状态,粒径变化不显著;2009—2012年是由淤积转为冲刷的过渡期,口外区域首先出现了小范围侵蚀和沉积物粗化现象;2012—2020年,河口区整体出现大面积侵蚀和粒径粗化现象,粒径与侵蚀变化间呈显著相关。研究发现,高分辨统计网格可以更有效地捕捉到小范围地貌由淤转冲的信号。总体而言,近40年来,长江口已经由显著淤积转为局部侵蚀,未来可能面临持续性的海岸侵蚀灾害。     

Influence of base resistance on extracting thermal resistance for SiGe HBTs

In this article, the influence of base resistance on extracting thermal resistance for SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors is studied and an improved approach for determining the junction temperature and thermal resistance is presented. The proposed method for extracting thermal resistance is based on the temperature sensitivity of the base–emitter (B–E) voltage when the device is biased with a fixed emitter current density. This approach not only takes into account the self‐heating during the different ambient temperature measurement but also revises the empirical equation of B–E voltage due to the influence of base resistance during the power dissipation increment measurement. Results are obtained for devices with different emitter lengths and fingers. Compared with the conventional method, the thermal resistance is about up to 15% improvement for the device with 0.3 × 1.9 μm² emitter area and 13.8% for the device with 0.3 × 13.9 μm² emitter area. The accurate thermal resistance implemented in HICUM model has resulted in better fit for transistor output characteristics. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2012.     

高炉喷煤技术与炼焦工业

本文论述了国内外高炉喷煤技术的发展，以及对炼焦工业的影响，最后，展望了我国高炉喷煤技术发展的前景。     

氯碱用全氟离子交换膜(PFIEM)污染与再生的研究

采用盐酸(HCl)和乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-2Na)作为再生剂,对氯碱行业污染并废弃的全氟离子交换膜(Perfluoro-ion-exchange membrane,PFIEM)F-8020与F-795进行了再生研究,考察了PFIEM再生过程中溶液温度、再生时间、盐酸浓度和超声波等条件对再生过程的影响。实验结果表明,当溶液温度60℃以上和盐酸浓度8%以上时,PFIEM的再生效果较好,能去除PFIEM阳极表面上的各种杂质元素;超声波水浴清洗能有效地脱除PFIEM阴极表面上的难溶物,而EDTA溶液能提高再生PFIEM的离子交换容量(Ion-exchange capacity,IEC)。采用多种分析方法,分析了PFIEM的表面元素I、EC值和水含量等参数。