Boron Nitride Nanosheets Strengthened PVA/Borax Hydrogels with Highly Efficient Self-Healing and Rapid pH-Driven Shape Memory Effect

Self-healing hydrogels often possess poor mechanical properties which largely limits their applications in many fields. In this work, boron nitride nanosheets are introduced into a network of the poly(vinyl alcohol)/borax (PVA/borax) hydrogels to enhance the mechanical properties of the hydrogel without compromising the self-healing abilities. The obtained hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 0.410 ± 0.007 MPa, an elongation at break of 1712%, a Young's Modulus of 0.860 ± 0.023 MPa, and a toughness of 3.860 ± 0.075 MJ m⁻³. In addition, the self-healing efficiency of the hydrogels is higher than 90% within 10 min at room temperature. Benefiting from the excellent self-healing properties, the shapeability of the hydrogel fragments is observed using different molds. In addition, the hydrogels display rapid pH-driven shape memory effects and can recover to their original shape within 260 s. Overall, this work provides a new approach to hydrogels with integrated excellent mechanical properties, self-healing abilities, and rapid pH-driven shape memory effects.     

含硅羟基磷灰石的湿法合成及骨水泥的性能研究

以Ca（OH）2、H3PO4和（C2H5）4SiO4为原料，在反应液40℃。pH值为9～11，热处理温度为1000℃的条件下。用共沉淀法合成Si-HAP粉体，利用XRD、SEM测试分析表明。Si进入了HAP晶格中，导致Si-HAC晶粒尺寸减小。用液相调和粉体制得Si-HAC。通过对其凝结时间、抗压强度和孔隙率的测试，结果表明，Si含量在1％时Si-HAC的凝结时间小、抗压强度高。     

镀铬废水中铬的回收及其应用

介绍了用离子交换法处理含铬废水的离子交换柱的洗脱液中Cr6 的处理方法。该处理方法为:洗脱液中的Cr6 经还原处理为Cr3 ,用化学沉淀法和絮凝法将其转化为Cr(OH)3沉淀,经硫酸酸化,结晶为高纯硫酸铬,作为一种铬鞣剂,应用于皮革工业的鞣革,取得了良好的效果。     

基于有限障碍的全牛顿步内点算法

针对线性规划问题,文中引入了一种与传统障碍函数不同的新的障碍函数,其在可行域边界上的取值是有限的.沿此有限障碍函数所确定的新的搜索方向,给出了短步长全牛顿步内点算法,结果证明该算法具有目前求解线性规划问题最好的复杂性界.     

热处理对99.5Ge_(23)Se_(67)Sb_(10)-0.5CsCl玻璃组织和性能的影响

文中运用热处理的方法来提高99.5Ge23Se67Sb10-0.5CsCl红外玻璃的力学性能.采用XRD、SEM、FTIR和显微硬度计研究了热处理对99.5Ge23Se67Sb10-0.5CsCl玻璃组织和性能的影响.研究结果发现:当保温温度低于310℃时,随着保温时间的延长,99.5Ge23Se67Sb10-0.5CsCl材料析晶数目增多而尺寸变小,材料组织细化;红外透过率缓慢降低而硬度较好.当保温温度等于或高于310℃时,随着保温时间延长,材料内部晶粒粗大,透红外性能急剧变差且硬度变差.当玻璃在290℃下保温40h后,其维氏硬度可达2 121.49MPa,比热处理前提高了20%左右,并且红外透过率在8~12μm波段仍保持在60%以上.     

A theoretical study of the ability of 2D monolayer Au (111) to activate gas molecules

The adsorption and activation of gas molecules are investigated substantially in solid-gas heterogeneous catalysis. Here we investigated the interaction between gas molecules and unique two-dimensional monolayer Au (111) structure using density functional theory. It is found that CO₂, H₂O, N₂ and CH₄ molecules are weakly adsorbed on the surface with the adsorption energies between ?0.150 and ?0.250 eV due to van der Waals interaction. While CO, NO, NO₂, and NH₃ molecules are adsorbed more stably with the adsorption energies between ?0.300 and ?0.470 eV. Especially, the bond length of CO is stretched by 0.038 Å and the bond angle of NO₂ is obviously enlarged by 10.460°. The activation originates from the rearrangement of molecule orbitals and the orbitals hybridization between the partial orbitals of gas molecules and Au-5d orbitals. The fundamental analyses of adsorption mechanism and electronic properties may provide guidance for the applications of two-dimensional monolayer metal catalysis.PACSnumbers 73.22.-f, 73.61.-r     

Preparing crystalline silicon from Si-Sn solvent by zone melting directional solidification method

To develop a low cost and highly effective metallurgical route for solar-grade Si production, we investigated the zone melting directional solidification method. In this method, bulk crystalline Si is successfully produced from Si-Sn solvent; this bulk crystalline Si demonstrates a steady growth interface and excellent compositional uniformity. Moreover, the growth rate of bulk crystalline Si along the axial direction increases because the remaining MG-Si serves as Si source to keep the Si-Sn solution saturated with Si atoms, and it is approximately three times larger than that of Si by using the Si-based alloy directional solidification method without Si source. In this work, the evolution of impurity phases segregated in different regions along the axial direction is extensively discussed. The distribution and amount of impurities, including Ca, Al, B, and P, are effectively controlled by this refining method, further improving the quality of bulk crystalline Si.     

The Modification of Chrome Tanned Leather by Polyethylene Glycol-Linked Gemini Fatty Alcohol Phosphate

A series of polyethylene glycol-linked Gemini fatty alcohol phosphate surfactants (GFAP) were prepared with long chain n-alkanol (C = 8, 12, 16, 18), polyethylene glycol (PEG-200, PEG-400, PEG-600, PEG-800, PEG-1000) and phosphorus oxychloride (POCl₃). The structure of the prepared surfactants was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). The surfactants were employed for the modification of chrome-tanned leather. The morphological changes of chrome-tanned leather and modified chrome-tanned leather were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The relationship between the alkyl chain length and molecular weight of the PEG and the hydrophobicity, softness, mechanical strength of modified chrome-tanned leather was also discussed. The experimental results showed that the mechanical strength and softness of modified chrome-tanned leather were enhanced with an increase of alkyl chain length, while the hydrophobicity, mechanical strength and softness were decreased with an increase of molecular weight of the PEG. The hydrophobicity, mechanical strength and softness of modified chrome-tanned leather were optimized for an alkyl chain length of 16. Therefore, 16–200 Gemini phosphate surfactants with an alkyl chain length of 16 and a PEG molecular weight of 200 have a good comprehensive modification effect on Chrome-tanned leather, the tensile strength, tear strength and softness of modified chrome-tanned leather are 57.07 N mm⁻², 79.49 N mm⁻¹, 9.73 mm, respectively.     

Esterase activity inspired selection and characterization of zearalenone degrading bacteria Bacillus pumilus ES-21

Zearalenone (ZEN), mainly produced by Fusarium species, is an estrogenic mycotoxin which causes reproductive disorders in livestock. In this study, we described a simple and rapid method for screening of ZEN-degrading bacteria by esterase activity assay. Soil bacteria strains were first tested for their esterase activities, then active strains were further evaluated for their ZEN-degrading potentials. A bacterial strain named Bacillus pumilus ES-21 was detected to be able to eliminate ZEN in the culture medium. ZEN degradation conditions were optimized through response surface methodology and the result showed that the degradation rate of ZEN by Bacillus pumilus ES-21 was up to 95.7% at the ZEN concentration of 17.9 μg/ml within 24 h. One of the degradation product was proposed to be 1-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-6′-hydroxy-l′-undecen-l0′-one according to LC-TOF-MS/MS analysis. This study provided a strategy for the isolation of ZEN degrading microbes and a promising degrading strain.     

A solvent-assisted route for coating polystyrene colloids with Ag and the corresponding hollow Ag spheres

A novel ethylene dichloride solvent-assisted route has been successfully developed to coat uniformly polystyrene colloids with Ag and prepare the corresponding hollow spheres. In this route, by corroding and swelling the PS colloid surface with ethylene dichloride, Ag seeds are synthesized directly in and on the surface layer of core, not only the surface functionalization is avoided, but also may enhance the combination of core and seeds. The ethylene dichloride concentration is crucial for the coating results. The coverage, thickness, and roughness of the Ag shell can be effectively controlled by varying the amount of HCHO during the seeding growth process, and the as-prepared composites can crystallize into ordered structure. This coating route is facile and versatile, and apt to coat PS colloids with other metal and prepare the corresponding hollow metal spheres.