Combustion synthesis of rod-like α-SiAlON seed crystals

Rod-like single-phase crystals of Y-α-SiAlON were synthesized by combustion of Si, Al, α-Si₃N₄, SiO₂ and Y₂O₃ powders. SEM observation of crystals, separated by chemical etching (HNO₃/HF=2:1) followed by ultrasonic agitation in ethanol showed rod-like crystals, assigned to almost pure and well crystallized α-SiAlON.     

Machinability improvement in milling of SiCf/SiC composites based on laser controllable ablation pretreatment

The poor machinability of SiC_f/SiC composites greatly limits its application and promotion. The laser-induced ablation products of SiC_f/SiC composites are powdery, loose and porous. Milling of laser ablated samples demonstrated that the force and heat were almost negligible when milling ablation products. Accordingly, a laser ablation pretreatment milling (LAPM) process of SiC_f/SiC composites was proposed. Under the LAPM process, after the laser ablation treatment with controllable depth, the cutting allowance could be achieved in only one pass, which greatly improved the machining efficiency compared with the conventional milling process. The material removal rate was greatly improved on the premise of ensuring the machining quality. Taking the milling of tensile specimens as an example, compared with conventional milling, the total processing time of the specimen was reduced by 31.29 % by LAPM process. Therefore, LAPM provides a potential feasible process scheme for greatly improving the machinability and machining efficiency of SiC_f/SiC composites.     

Boro/carbothermal reduction co-synthesis of dual-phase high-entropy boride-carbide ceramics

Dense, dual-phase (Cr,Hf,Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr)B₂-(Cr,Hf,Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr)C ceramics were synthesized by boro/carbothermal reduction of oxides and densified by spark plasma sintering. The high-entropy carbide content was about 14.5 wt%. Grain growth was suppressed by the pinning effect of the two-phase ceramic, which resulted in average grain sizes of 2.7 ± 1.3 µm for the high-entropy boride phase and 1.6 ± 0.7 µm for the high-entropy carbide phase. Vickers hardness values increased from 25.2 ± 1.1 GPa for an indentation load of 9.81 N to 38.9 ± 2.5 GPa for an indentation load of 0.49 N due to the indentation size effect. Boro/carbothermal reduction is a facile process for the synthesis and densification of dual-phase high entropy boride-carbide ceramics with both different combinations of transition metals and different proportions of boride and carbide phases.     

Fabrication of cancellous-bone-mimicking β-tricalcium phosphate bioceramic scaffolds with tunable architecture and mechanical strength by stereolithography 3D printing

It is highly challenging to fabricate bioceramic scaffolds mimicking architecture and mechanical strength of cancellous bone. Gyroid structure, which is based on triply periodic minimal surface, highly resembles the architecture of cancellous bone. Herein, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic scaffolds with gyroid structure were fabricated by stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing. The SLA 3D printing ensured high precision of ceramic part. The porosity (51–87%), pore size (250 – 2400 µm), pore wall thickness (< 300 µm) and compressive strength (0.6 – 16.8 MPa) of gyroid bioceramic scaffolds were readily adjusted to match various sites of cancellous bone. The gyroid bioceramic scaffolds were more favorable for cell proliferation than the grid-like bioceramic scaffolds. The cancellous-bone-mimicking gyroid bioceramic scaffolds with tunable architecture and mechanical strength were expected to efficiently repair the target bone defects.     

轧制温度和后处理方式对AZ31镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

在不同的轧制温度下,对AZ31镁合金板进行轧制,然后取出轧板立即进行水冷、空冷和退火3种不同的后处理。探究轧制温度和后处理对镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,轧制温度为250、300℃时,水冷和空冷处理后板材存在着大量的孪晶,350℃时由于轧制温度较高,孪晶的数量很少;水冷处理后的平均晶粒尺寸要小于空冷,空冷处理之后的孪晶数量略少于水冷,当轧制温度为350℃时,退火处理后,晶粒尺寸减小,晶粒趋于等轴状,晶格畸变程度低。在相同的轧制温度下,水冷处理的镁合金板材的屈服强度、抗拉强度和硬度较高;退火处理后可以显著提高板材的伸长率,但屈服强度、抗拉强度略有下降。轧制温度升高时,3种后处理方式之间屈服强度和抗拉强度的最大差值会减小。     

底水油藏水平井的合理位置多目标优化

底水油藏水平井垂向位置是影响水平井开发效果的重要因素。利用有限Fourier正弦变换和源函数理论求解三维稳态渗流方程,得到了圆柱形底水油藏水平井的产能、临界产量和见水时间公式。以水平井垂向位置为决策变量,建立了以其产量、临界产量和见水时间为目标函数的多目标优化模型。实例计算结果表明,水平井在底水油藏中的合理位置约为油藏厚度的4／5。这为水平井开采底水油藏的优化设计提供了理论基础,对实现水平井的稳产及延长无水开采期具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

纳米多孔硅可控制备研究

采用了自制双槽和电化学腐蚀法在不同电阻率的硅片上制备出表面平整度很好的纳米多孔硅层,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜对多孔硅的微观形貌进行了分析表征。实验表明多孔硅的孔径、孔隙率和厚度随电化学腐蚀的电流密度和腐蚀时间增加而增加,且电解液中HF(40%)和无水乙醇(99.7%)的配比很趋近时,多孔硅的孔洞分布均匀性越好。在电阻率为0.01~0.02Ω·cm的P型硅片上制备的纳米多孔硅其效果相比其他电阻率的要好。