射频等离子体和热处理制备球形WC–Co粉末

以喷雾造粒WC–30Co粉末为原料,采用射频等离子体和后续热处理制备3D打印用球形WC–Co粉末,研究射频等离子体球化和热处理对粉末特性的影响。结果表明,射频等离子体球化效果显著,喷雾造粒粉末的球化率可达100%。球化后的粉末表面光滑、结构致密,存在一定数量表面粗糙的“费列罗”颗粒。射频等离子体处理使粉末的松装密度和流动性显著提高,同时导致WC严重分解和Co蒸发损失,球化粉末中含有大量C、W₂C和Co₃W₃C等有害相,Co质量分数降低至25.80%。后续热处理可很好地对球化粉末进行物相和成分调控。经900 ℃热处理后,粉末的物相组成重新转变为WC和Co,游离碳含量控制在合理的水平,并且粉末依然保持良好的球形度,具有较好的松装密度和流动性,可以满足3D打印对原材料的要求。     

锌冶炼污酸与窑渣联合处理工艺研究

针对锌冶炼系统产生的污酸成分复杂、酸度高，砷及重金属浓度高的特点，利用湿法炼锌过程中产生的含有大量有价金属的回转窑渣对其进行处理。提出了“污酸浸出锌窑渣-常压合成臭葱石法沉砷-铁粉置换沉淀铜、砷-中和水解-赤铁矿法沉铁”的主体工艺路线，在实现污酸无害化处理的同时有效利用窑渣中的有价金?属资源。结果表明：经二段逆流浸出后下铜、铁、锌的浸出率均在90%以上，砷的沉淀率高于95%，沉砷渣为晶型良好的臭葱石。溶液中的铜沉淀率超过99%，实验得到的赤铁矿渣含铁量达64.42%，可作为炼铁或制作铁红的原料。     

Response of structure and mechanical properties of high entropy pyrochlore to heavy ion irradiation

Material with superior damage tolerance, chemical durability, and structure stability is of increasing interest in high-level radioactive waste management and structural components for advanced nuclear systems. In this paper, high-entropy (La_0.2Ce_0.2Nd_0.2Sm_0.2Gd_0.2)₂Zr₂O₇ with pyrochlore-type structure was synthesized through conventional solid-state method. The as-synthesized high-entropy oxide maintained crystalline after being irradiated by using Au³⁺ with 9.0 MeV energy at the fluence of 4.5 × 10¹⁵ ions·cm^-2, indicating its high tolerance to heavy-ion irradiation. The irradiation-induced order-disorder transition from pyrochlore structure to defective fluorite structure occurred in high-entropy (La_0.2Ce_0.2Nd_0.2Sm_0.2Gd_0.2)₂Zr₂O₇. After irradiation, no irradiation-induced segregation was observed at grain boundary. Moreover, the mechanical properties of high-entropy pyrochlore were improved. The heavy-ion irradiation resistance mechanisms of high-entropy pyrochlore were discussed in detail. Our work identified high-entropy (La_0.2Ce_0.2Nd_0.2Sm_0.2Gd_0.2)₂Zr₂O₇ can be a promising candidate for immobilization of high-level radioactive waste as well as advanced nuclear reactor system from the perspective of irradiation resistance.     

盐硝联产芒硝水不溶物的产生与控制

针对真空制盐-盐硝联产五效蒸发工艺中芒硝所含水不溶物的含量过多、导致卤水浊度超标影响芒硝质量的问题,研究分析水不溶物产生的源头,找出控制水不溶物生成的方法具有重要意义。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、电子扫描显微镜（SEM-EDS）和红外光谱分析（FT-IR）等分析手段对芒硝中水不溶物的物相组成和形貌特性进行分析,确定芒硝水不溶物主要成分为方解石型碳酸钙。发现水不溶物形成的主要原因是盐系统中的钙离子浓度过高,此时溶液过饱和度高、处于不稳定状态,碳酸钙析出较快,结晶数目较多、颗粒小。小颗粒的碳酸钙漂浮在循环母液中通过转卤进入硝系统,与硝系统本身产生的碳酸钙相加导致芒硝中水不溶物的含量超标。针对此问题提出了源头调控的方案。在净化过程中当碳酸钠的质量浓度由1.32 g/L调整为1.35~1.38 g/L时,可以控制卤水中钙离子与碳酸根的平衡,降低盐、硝系统中的钙离子浓度,进而达到控制水不溶物的含量。在新一轮工业化生产中,采用源头调控的方法对芒硝中水不溶物进行了有效控制,芒硝质量得到了明显提升。     

Sb在高硅铝硅合金电磁分离过程中的变质行为

研究了高硅铝硅合金(45wt% Si)熔体电磁分离过程中,Sb添加量、下拉速率、温度等对分离效果的影响,对Sb在高硅铝硅合金电磁分离过程中的变质机理进行了分析。结果表明,在1500℃、下拉速率为10 μm/s时,过共晶铝硅合金熔体中加入Sb进行定向凝固后,合金部分硅铝比从11.53%降至11.21%,初晶硅富集区的硅含量从86wt%增至90wt%;当1500℃、下拉速率为40 μm/s时,合金部分硅铝比从12.56%降至12.13%,初晶硅富集区的硅含量从81wt%增至86.5wt%;加入变质剂后合金部分共晶硅相在α-Al基体中分布均匀且连续,形貌有所细化。     

炭/石墨材料的成型工艺综述

由于炭/石墨材料在冶金、太阳能、核能、原子能、半导体、航空航天等领域的广泛应用,本文针对当前国内炭/石墨材料的成型方式,主要探讨挤压成型、模压成型和等静压成型,以及它们的技术特点.     

细粒煤浮选磁选联合脱灰脱铁试验研究

为获得满足工业硅生产所需的低灰低铁烟煤,以云南省某煤矿细粒煤泥为试验对象进行磁选、浮选单独脱铁脱灰试验研究,获得最佳磁选、浮选条件,并在此基础上进行浮选磁选联合脱灰脱铁试验。结果表明：磁场强度为1.701 T、煤泥粒度为-0.25 mm时,煤泥磁选、浮选效果较好,可获得相对较高的脱铁率和脱灰率。通过对比先浮选后磁选及先磁选后浮选2种试验流程及分选效果,最终选用先浮选后磁选试验流程,该流程中浮选精煤只需简单调浆即可直接用于磁选,省去了一次过滤,经济效益显著。控制精煤产率在62.08%时,能获得灰分5.94%、铁含量0.28%的合格精煤,达到了工业硅冶炼用烟煤灰分〈6%、铁含量〈0.3%的要求。     

除气对制备等静压石墨的影响研究

等静压石墨生产中,除气是一步重要的环节,它对成型工艺、压坯性能有较大的影响。本文针对冷/热等静压法生产特种石墨,主要从压坯的形貌、体积密度、显气孔率和抗压强度来分析除气对工艺和产品质量的影响。     

Efficiency enhancement in DSSC using metal nanoparticles: A size dependent study

The photoelectrode of Eosin-Y sensitised DSSC was modified by incorporating Au-nanoparticles to enhance the power conversion efficiency via scattering from surface plasmon polaritons. Size dependence of Au nanoparticle on conversion efficiency was performed in DSSC for the first time by varying the particle size from 20 to 94 nm. It was found that, the conversion efficiency is highly dependent on the size of the Au nanoparticles. For larger particles (>50 nm), the efficiency was found to be increased due to constructive interference between the transmitted and scattered waves from the Au nanoparticle while for smaller particles, the efficiency decreases due to destructive interference. Also a reduction in the V_oc was observed in general, due to the negative shifting of the TiO₂ Fermi level on the adsorption of Au nanoparticle. This shift was negligible for larger particles. When 94 nm size particles were employed the conversion efficiency was doubled from 0.74% to 1.52%. This study points towards the application of the scattering effect of metal nanoparticle to enhance the conversion efficiency in DSSCs.     

Direct conversion of methane to synthesis gas using lattice oxygen of CeO2–Fe2O3 complex oxides

Three kinds of complex oxides oxygen carriers (CeO₂–Fe₂O₃, CeO₂–ZrO₂ and ZrO₂–Fe₂O₃) were prepared and tested for the gas–solid reaction with methane in the absence of gaseous oxidant. These oxides were prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by means of XRD, H₂-TPR and Raman. The XRD measurement shows that Fe₂O₃ particles well disperse on ZrO₂ surface and Ce–Zr solid solution forms in CeO₂–ZrO₂ sample. For CeO₂–Fe₂O₃ sample, only a small part of Fe³⁺ has been incorporated into the ceria lattice to form solid solutions and the rest left on the surface of the oxides. Low reduction temperature and low lattice oxygen content are observed over ZrO₂–Fe₂O₃ and CeO₂–ZrO₂ samples, respectively by H₂-TPR experiments. On the other hand, CeO₂–Fe₂O₃ shows a rather high reduction peak ascribed to the consuming of H₂ by bulk CeO₂, indicating high lattice oxygen content in CeO₂–Fe₂O₃ complex oxides. The gas–solid reaction between methane and oxygen carriers are strongly affected by the reaction temperature and higher temperature is benefit to the methane oxidation. ZrO₂–Fe₂O₃ sample shows evident methane combustion during the reducing of Fe₂O₃, and then the methane conversion is strongly enhanced by the reduced Fe species through catalytic cracking of methane. CeO₂–ZrO₂ complex oxides present a high activity for methane oxidation due to the formation of Ce–Zr solid solution, however, the low synthesis gas selectivity due to the high density of surface defects on Ce–Zr–O surface could also be observed. The highly selective synthesis gas (with H₂/CO ratio of 2) can be obtained over CeO₂–Fe₂O₃ oxygen carrier through gas–solid reaction at 800 °C. It is proposed that the dispersed Fe₂O₃ and Ce–Fe solid solution interact to contribute to the generation of synthesis gas. The reduced oxygen carrier could be re-oxidized by air and restored its initial state. The CeO₂–Fe₂O₃ complex oxides maintained very high catalytic activity and structural stability in successive redox cycles. After a long period of successive redox cycles, there could be more solid solutions in the CeO₂–Fe₂O₃ oxygen carrier, and that may be responsible for its favorable successive redox cycles performance.