Atmospheric leaching characteristics of nickel and iron in limonitic laterite with sulfuric acid in the presence of sodium sulfite

Atmospheric leaching of nickel from limonitic laterite ores is regarded as a promising approach for nickel production, despite its low nickel recovery and slower leaching rate than high pressure acid leaching. Sulfur dioxide can enhance the sulfuric acid leaching of laterite, but its behavior for enhancing atmospheric sulfuric acid leaching was uncertain due to SO₂ losses and emission. In this study, sodium sulfite was used as a substitute for SO₂ gas in the leaching and the sulfuric acid leaching characteristics of Ni and Fe from a limonitic laterite in the presence of sodium sulfite were investigated. A linear correlation exists between the extraction of Ni and Fe, indicating the difficulty in selective leaching of Ni over Fe. Most nickel is isomorphically substituted within the goethite and it is difficult to dissolve in a high oxidation–reduction potential solution environment, resulting in a low nickel recovery. SO₂(aq) generated from the reaction of sodium sulfite in sulfuric acid solution, lowers the potential for the reducing reaction of FeOOH to give Fe²⁺, accelerating the iron extraction and nickel liberation from goethite.     

Utilization of humic acid as a depressant for hematite in the reverse flotation of iron ore

In the present work the utilization of humic acid as a depressant for hematite in the iron ore flotation process was studied taking into consideration its physicochemical properties. Contact angle measurements of hematite and quartz were performed using a computer controlled Ramé-Hart goniometer. After conditioning with humic acid at pH 10.2, at low dodecylamine concentrations, hematite presented a much lower contact angle as compared to that of quartz under the same conditions.Microflotation tests were carried out using an EMDEE flotation apparatus. Initially, the two minerals were studied individually. The results showed that, depending of the humic acid and dodecylamine concentrations, the floatability of quartz was higher than 90% and 61% of the hematite was depressed. The flotation of the mixture of the two minerals (25% quartz and 75% hematite) was subsequently studied. The hematite recovery was higher than 90% in the depressed concentrate which assayed 86.0% Fe₂O₃. The results suggest that humic acid could be used as an alternative for starch in the iron ore flotation process.     

碘甲烷热裂解制低碳烯烃体系热力学分析

摘要：对碘甲烷热裂解制低碳烯烃反应过程进行了热力学分析,计算体系各独立反应在一定温度范围内的反应焓变ΔH、Gibbs自由能ΔG和热力学平衡常数K,讨论了不同反应温度、压力条件下体系主要产物的平衡组成。结果表明,碘甲烷制乙烯为吸热反应,制丙烯及副反应均为放热反应;低温易生成丙烯主产物和烷烃、芳烃等副产物,高温有利于乙烯的生成;碘甲烷热裂解制低碳烯烃反应适宜于在常压下进行。     

Influence of the propagation of three phase contact line on flotation recovery

Froth flotation is considered the most effective process of beneficiating low grade ores and is widely used in the base metals industry. For effective flotation, the attachment of mineral particles to air bubbles is important and has been studied by many researchers by measuring quantities such as attachment time, film-thinning time and induction time. This paper identifies an important step in the bubble–particle attachment process, namely, the expansion mechanism of the three phase contact (TPC) line between liquid, solid and air. It has been shown that the TPC expansion time is determined by the drainage of the surrounding fluid. It is influenced by factors such as pulp chemistry surrounding the particle, variations in surface forces and pressure inside the bubble. It has been observed experimentally that the TPC expansion time bears square root relationship to attachment efficiency. In this work, it has been argued that the attachment efficiency is related to the TPC circle radius propagation.     

The mechanism of pyrite depression at acidic pH by lignosulfonate-based biopolymers with different molecular compositions

Electrochemical studies, adsorption isotherms and contact angle measurements were conducted to compare the effect of three lignosulfonate-based biopolymers (DP-1775, DP-1777 and DP-1778) as pyrite depressants in flotation at acidic pH. The adsorption isotherms showed that DP-1775 and DP-1778 had a higher adsorption capacity than DP-1777. The contact angle of pyrite particles was reduced by the three biopolymers in the order of DP-1778 > DP-1777 > DP-1775 at a similar adsorbed amount. These results are in accordance with biopolymers’ ability to inhibit collector adsorption in electrochemical studies. The depressing effect of these biopolymers was related to the biopolymer composition. It was found that the biopolymer molecular weight determined its adsorption capability and surface coverage. The content of functional groups was responsible for the change in contact angle. While a higher molecular weight led to greater pyrite depression, calcium ion as a counterion in the biopolymer structure also played a role.     

Selective depression of pyrite with chitosan in Pb–Fe sulfide flotation

Chitosan was used in the flotation of pyrite–galena mixtures. The results indicated that chitosan preferentially adsorbed on pyrite and galena was floated from the pyrite–galena mixtures. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were performed to study the interaction mechanism of chitosan on the pyrite and galena minerals at pH 4 and 6. ToF-SIMS showed that chitosan adsorbed heavily on pyrite but barely on galena when a mixture of pyrite and galena was treated by chitosan. The high resolution XPS spectra indicated that both the amine and the hydroxyl groups from chitosan reacted with pyrite surface, whereas no significant binding energy shifts were observed on galena. Combined with the authors’ previous studies of chitosan in other sulfide flotation systems, it was observed that chitosan could depress pyrite, galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite to different extent when the minerals were floated alone. However, in the flotation of mineral mixtures, chitosan selectively adsorbed on one mineral which depressed its flotation, allowing the other mineral to be floated from the mixture. The competitive adsorption was attributed to the differences in the electron affinity value of the lattice metal ions. Chitosan strongly binds with metal ions with a high electron affinity.     

SAPO-34催化甲醇制烯烃反应积炭机理及改性研究进展

SAPO 34分子筛被认为是最有应用前景的甲醇制烯烃（MTO）反应催化剂。目前影响SAPO 34分子筛工业化应用的主要问题是易积炭失活,单程寿命极短。SAPO 34催化MTO反应过程中积炭主要来源于活性中间体的转化和烯烃的二次反应,且反应温度对积炭反应具有重要影响。现有的SAPO 34分子筛改性调变以延长寿命的手段主要从其表面酸性质和结构性质入手,但效果不明显,主要原因是SAPO 34特有的拓扑结构没有改变,积炭前驱体的扩散限制没有得到显著缓解。基于积炭形成机理以及目前延长SAPO 34反应寿命的主要改性手段,笔者针对SAPO 34反应寿命延长效果不明显的瓶颈问题,提出了制备具有微介孔结构的金属氧化物/分子筛复合结构催化剂的新思路,同时通过适当降低反应温度,以进一步抑制积炭生成,延长催化剂寿命。     

γ-Al2O3/SAPO-34复合催化剂及其对MTO反应的催化性能

采用介孔γ-Al₂O₃对微孔SAPO-34分子筛进行复合改性,利用水热包覆技术制备了γ-Al₂O₃/SAPO-34复合催化剂,研究了复合催化剂物化性质及其对甲醇制低碳烯烃(MTO)反应的催化性能。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、氨气程序升温脱附法(NH₃-TPD)和物理吸附仪(BET)等手段对不同γ-Al₂O₃/SAPO-34复合催化剂的晶相组成、骨架结构、微观形貌、表面酸性及孔结构进行分析表征。结果表明,与物理共混催化剂相比,水热包覆法制得γ-Al₂O₃/SAPO-34复合催化剂形成了包覆相和微-介孔结构(微孔比表面积123 m²/g,介孔比表面积95 m²/g)。在常压、催化剂装载量1 g、水/醇摩尔比2/1、原料进料体积空速2 h^-1、N²流速20 mL/min、反应温度380  ℃条件下,复合催化剂表现出优越的催化性能和反应寿命,甲醇转化率和低碳烯烃选择性分别达到100%和88%,催化剂寿命达到990 min,与物理共混催化剂相比,复合催化剂寿命延长了640 min。     

Impact of La3+ substitution on electrical,magnetic, dielectric and optical properties of Ni0.7Cu0.1Zn0.2LaxFe2–xO4 (0 < x < 0.035) system

The oxalate co-precipitation method was used to synthesize the La³⁺ substituted Ni–Cu–Zn (La–NCZ) nanoferrites having chemical composition Ni_0.7Cu_0.1Zn_0.2La_xFe_2–xO₄ (x = 0, 0.015, 0.025 and 0.035). DC resistivity study of nanoferrites shows both the conducting and semiconducting behaviour. The room temperature DC electrical resistivity of Ni–Cu–Zn (NCZ) nanoferrites decreases, whereas Curie temperature increases with increasing La³⁺ content. In the temperature range of 30–170 °C nanoferrites show p-type semiconducting behavior except x = 0.015; thereafter, they show n-type behaviour. The frequency dispersive initial permeability (μ_i) associated with its real and imaginary (μ′ and μ") parts are attributed to the domain wall movement and magnetic spin resonant. The μ_i, μ′ and μ" of La–NCZ nanoferrites are higher than those of pure NCZ nanoferrite. Dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″) and AC resistivity (ρ_AC) of La–NCZ nanoferrites show normal dielectric behaviour. It is found that ε′ of NCZ nanoferrites decreases with the increasing content of La³⁺ ions. The bandgap energy of La–NCZ nanoferrites is achieved in the range 1.36–1.70 eV confirming the semiconducting nature of materials.