Nickel‒cobalt bimetallic catalysts prepared from hydrotalcite-like compounds for dry reforming of methane

Ni–Co/Mg(Al)O alloy catalysts with different Co/Ni molar ratios have been prepared from Ni- and Co-substituted Mg–Al hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlcs) as precursors and tested for dry reforming of methane. The XRD characterization shows that Ni–Co–Mg–Al HTlcs are decomposed by calcination into Mg(Ni,Co,Al)O solid solution, and by reduction finely dispersed alloy particles are formed. H₂-TPR indicates a strong interaction between nickel/cobalt oxides and magnesia, and the presence of cobalt in Mg(Ni,Co,Al)O enhances the metal-support interaction. STEM-EDX analysis reveals that nickel and cobalt cations are homogeneously distributed in the HTlcs precursor and in the derived solid solution, and by reduction the resulting Ni–Co alloy particles are composition-uniform. The Ni–Co/Mg(Al)O alloy catalysts exhibit relatively high activity and stability at severe conditions, i.e., a medium temperature of 600 °C and a high space velocity of 120000 mL g^?1 h^?1. In comparison to monometallic Ni catalyst, Ni–Co alloying effectively inhibits methane decomposition and coke deposition, leading to a marked enhancement of catalytic stability. From CO₂-TPD and TPSR, it is suggested that alloying Ni with Co favors the CO₂ adsorption/activation and promotes the elimination of carbon species, thus improving the coke resistance. Furthermore, a high and stable activity with low coking is demonstrated at 750 °C. The hydrotalcite-derived Ni–Co/Mg(Al)O catalysts show better catalytic performance than many of the reported Ni–Co catalysts, which can be attributed to the formation of Ni–Co alloy with uniform composition, proper size, and strong metal-support interaction as well as the presence of basic Mg(Al)O as support.     

Ion beam induced evolution of surface morphology and optical properties of SnO2–ZnO nanocomposite thin films

SnO₂–ZnO nanocomposite thin films, prepared by a simple carbothermal reduction based vapor deposition method, were irradiated with 8 MeV Si³⁺ ions for engineering the morphological and optical properties. The surface morphology of the nanocomposites was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), while the optical properties were investigated by photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and Raman spectroscopy. AFM studies on the irradiated samples revealed growth of nanoparticles at lower fluence and a significant change in surface morphology leading to the formation of nanosheets and their aggregates at higher fluences. A tentative mechanism underlying the observed ion induced evolution of surface morphology of SnO₂–ZnO nanocomposite is proposed. PL studies revealed strong enhancement in the UV emissions from the nanocomposite thin film at lower fluence, while a drastic decrease in the UV emissions along with a significant enhancement in the defect emissions has been observed at higher fluences.     

Iron-binding peptides from whey protein hydrolysates: Evaluation,isolation and sequencing by LC–MS/MS

Iron–peptide complexes have been considered a promising source of more bioavailable iron, with reduced side effects as compared to iron salts. Whey protein isolate (WPI) hydrolyzed by alcalase, pancreatin or flavourzyme was ultrafiltered (cut off 5 kDa) and their fractions – retentates and filtrates – were evaluated for iron-binding capacity. The Fe–hydrolysate complexation reaction resulted in a dramatic increase in iron solubility at pH 7.0, from 0% to almost 100%. This result was obtained regardless of the molecular mass profile or the enzyme used to obtain the samples. Fractions from hydrolysate obtained with pancreatin (HP) were chosen to continue the study. The complexes formed with both fractions from HP were stable under simulated gastric digestion (50.8–89.4%). To identify the peptides with iron-binding capacity, the HP fractions were isolated by IMAC-Fe^3 +, and the retentate showed higher relative concentrations of iron-binding peptides than the filtrate. Iron-binding peptide sequencing, accomplished by LC–MS/MS, showed Glu and/or Asp in all the sequences, and their carboxylic groups were amongst the main iron-binding sites. WPI hydrolysis with pancreatin yields peptides that can form iron complexes with the potential to increase iron bioavailability and reduce its pro-oxidant effect.     

食物成瘾的研究进展及启示

食物成瘾是一种复杂的慢性疾病，导致人们在日常生活中对某种食物产生过度依赖与过度进食等相关行为特征，近年来已被认为是影响欧美发达国家肥胖症、暴食症、糖尿病等发病率持续升高的关键原因，引起学术界的极大关注，成为研究热点。本文主要介绍食物成瘾的概念、诊断标准，综述了食物成瘾的病理机制、影响因素和应对措施等方面的研究进展，并探讨食物成瘾对我国食品界的启示，为预防食物成瘾，保障公众健康提供有益借鉴。     

Three Ln(III)-2,3,5-trichlorobenzoate coordination polymers (Ln = Tb,Ho and Er): Syntheses,structures and magnetic properties

Three novel lanthanide polymers, [Ln(III)(L)₃EtOH]_n (Ln = Tb(1), Ho(2), Er(3), HL = 2,3,5-trichlorobenzoic acid), have been solvothermal synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and element analyses. The three polymers crystallize in triclinic space group P-1. The Ln(III) ions are in turn bridged by double and quadruple carboxylate of L⁻ ligands to form one-dimensional (1D) chains. Magnetic studies reveal that polymer 1 demonstrates dominant ferromagnetic behavior, polymer 2 shows antiferromagnetic behavior, and polymer 3 present spin-canting behavior.     

Nickel foam-supported Fe,Ni-Polyporphyrin microparticles: Efficient bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting in alkaline media

Developing highly active, stable and sustainable electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is of great importance to generate renewable H₂ for fuel cells. Herein, we report the synthesis of electrocatalytically active, nickel foam-supported, spherical core-shell Fe-poly(tetraphenylporphyrin)/Ni-poly(tetraphenylporphyrin) microparticles (FeTPP@NiTPP/NF). We also show that FeTPP@NiTPP/NF exhibits efficient bifunctional electrocatalytic properties toward both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Electrochemical tests in KOH solution (1 M) reveal that FeTPP@NiTPP/NF electrocatalyzes the OER with 100 mA cm⁻² at an overpotential of 302 mV and the HER with 10 mA cm⁻² at an overpotential of 170 mV. Notably also, its catalytic performance for OER is better than that of RuO₂, the benchmark OER catalyst. Although its catalytic activity for HER is slightly lower than that of Pt/C (the benchmark HER electrocatalyst), it shows greater stability than the latter during the reaction. The material also exhibits electrocatalytic activity for overall water splitting reaction at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² with a cell voltage of 1.58 V, along with a good recovery property. Additionally, the work demonstrates a new synthetic strategy to an efficient, noble metal-free-coordinated covalent organic framework (COF)-based, bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting.     

Spatiotemporal variations in soil CO2 fluxes under a winter wheat-summer maize cropping system in the North China Plain

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems - Most studies on soil CO2 fluxes focus on the upper soil layers (i.e., 0–200 mm); however, there is a lack of investigation into soil layers below...     

Investigation of performance variations due to the amplitude of group-delay ripple in chirped fiber Bragg gratings

We measure the system impacts due to the amplitude of group-delay (GD) ripple in single and cascaded chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs). Signals with smaller pulse width result in smaller performance variation at the same data rate. A 65-ps peak-to-peak GD ripple induces 0.9, 1.7, and 2.7 dB maximum penalties for 10, 20, and 40-Gb/s, respectively. We also find that cascading gratings with random ripple causes much less degradation than cascading gratings with the same ripple profile.     

超级电容在手机电源中的应用

超级电容又称法拉电容,是指其容量为法拉级的电容。文章介绍了应用超级电容作为手机电池的总体思路并重点介绍了其充电电路、升压电路和控制电路的设计。该电池具有充电快、寿命长、免维护并且环保等特点。