High performance H2 sensor based on rGO-wrapped SnO2–Pd porous hollow spheres

Hydrogen (H₂) sensors based on metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) are promising for many applications such as a rocket propellant, industrial gas and the safety of storage. However, poor selectivity at low analyte concentrations, and independent response on high humidity limit the practical applications. Herein, we designed rGO-wrapped SnO₂–Pd porous hollow spheres composite (SnO₂–Pd@rGO) for high performance H₂ sensor. The porous hollow structure was from the carbon sphere template. The rGO wrapping was via self-assembly of GO on SnO₂-based spheres with subsequent thermal reduction in H₂ ambient. This sensor exhibited excellently selective H₂ sensing performances at 390 °C, linear response over a broad concentration range (0.1–1000 ppm) with recovery time of only 3 s, a high response of ～8 to 0.1 ppm H₂ in a minute, and acceptable stability under high humidity conditions (e. g. 80%). The calculated detection limit of 16.5 ppb opened up the possibility of trace H₂ monitoring. Furthermore, this sensor demonstrated certain response to H₂ at the minimum concentration of 50 ppm at 130 °C. These performances mainly benefited from the special hollow porous structure with abundant heterojunctions, the catalysis of the doped-PdO_x, the relative hydrophobic surface from rGO, and the deoxygenation after H₂ reduction.     

Analysis of nitrogen oxide emissions from modern vehicles using hydrogen or other natural and synthetic fuels in combustion chamber

The paper presents a calculated analysis of the equilibrium emission of nitrogen oxides on the exhaust of carburetor and diesel internal combustion engines. The temperature of fuel oxidation is assumed to be 1,400 °C while the pressure for carburetor and diesel engines is assumed to be 60 atm and 80 atm respectively. The studies have been carried out for natural and synthetic fuels such as hydrogen, ethanol, methanol, petroleum, diesel fuel and methane at the excess air coefficient corresponding to the fuel oxidation temperature of 1,400 °C. In the paper, the method for calculating the equilibrium composition based on the equilibrium constant and mass conservation equations has been applied. It is shown that with an increase in pressure from 1 atm to 60 atm for carburetor engines and up to 80 atm for diesel engines, the reaction of nitrogen dioxide formation may shift towards an increase in NO₂. The formation of NO may be not affected by the increase in pressure by virtue of the fact that the reaction proceeds without changes in the amount. It has been determined that NO is the major atmospheric pollutant. However, it would be advisable to use more extensively the fuels characterized by the lowest output of nitrogen dioxide (methane and methanol), since nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) related to the 2nd hazard class is appeared to be the most dangerous to humans. It has been revealed that the reduction in oxidation temperature using hydrogen as a fuel for electrochemical current generators may allow reducing nitrogen oxide emissions by more than an order of magnitude as compared to the best results for ICE.     

冲击荷载作用下热处理花岗岩动态力学特性研究

为研究冲击速度和热处理温度对黑云母花岗岩动态力学特性的影响,利用改进的霍普金森压杆系统对25~800 ℃共9个温度等级的热处理试样分别进行3种弹速下的冲击压缩试验。试验结果表明：随着冲击速度的增加,25~700 ℃热处理试样的应力—应变曲线由“Ⅱ型”转变为“Ⅰ型”,而800 ℃热处理试样均表现出“Ⅰ型”应力—应变曲线特征。同一温度热处理下试块的峰值应力、应变和平均应变均随动荷载的升高而增大。相同的冲击速度下,300 ℃热处理试样的动力学性能有所改善,500 ℃后试样的动力学性能开始逐渐劣化。同一温度热处理试样的破碎程度随冲击速度的增加而增加;相同冲击速度下,热处理试样的破碎程度随温度的升高先减弱后增强。     

6061Al/Al2O3金属基复合材料组织和性能

以6061Al作为基质材料,利用液体冶金的搅拌铸造技术及挤压法制备Al₂O₃颗粒增强的金属基复合材料,选取6061Al添加3种质量分数为5%、10%和15%的Al₂O₃为研究对象,以改善6061Al/Al₂O₃复合材料的力学性能。通过SEM分析表明,Al₂O₃颗粒在6061Al金属基体中的分布相当均匀;由X射线衍射试验结果显示,复合材料中只有6061Al和Al₂O₃,且不会影响结晶性及6061Al的组织结构型态。试验结果表明,随着Al₂O₃添加量增加至15%,6061Al/Al₂O₃复合材料的硬度和抗拉强度均有较大提高,但伸长率略有下降,由于材料孔隙率的提升,致密度下降,从而引起材料的硬度略微下降;分析磨损量与Al₂O₃添加量及磨损率与滑动距离的关系,结果显示商用6061Al的磨损率最大,而6061Al/Al₂O₃(15%)复合材料的磨损量最小,并且磨损率最低,这是由于在6061Al中加入Al₂O₃颗粒,Al₂O₃颗粒的存在可以减少磨粒对基体的犁削作用,有效提高基体的耐磨性。深入探讨Al₂O₃颗粒增强的金属基复合材料,发现颗粒增强体以很细的粉末(一般在20 μm以下)加入到金属基中起到提高硬度、强度和耐磨性的作用;然而,Al₂O₃添加量越来越大时,其对6061Al系列材料的硬度、强度和耐磨耗性等性能将起到负面作用。     

多光谱颜色复制技术研究发展

针对基于色度的颜色再现技术存在同色异谱的问题,综述了基于多光谱的颜色复制技术框架。总结了多光谱颜色复制的7个关键技术,即多光谱颜色复制系统的设计、多光谱图像的获取、多光谱图像的融合、光谱反射率的重建、多光谱图像降维、光谱分色算法与模型开发以及光谱颜色管理技术,并指出了多光谱颜色复制技术的研究思路和前景。     

Bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction enhanced nitrogen removal from industrial wastewater containing ammonia and sulfate

Low organic carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and existing sulfate (SO₄²⁻) in industrial wastewater limited nitrogen removal. Coupling SO₄²⁻ reduction with sulfide autotrophic denitrification provides a novel strategy. Herein, bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction was coupled with heterotrophic sulfate reduction to drive sulfide autotrophic denitrification. In this coupled system, total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was increased from ~25% to ~85% by inputting −45 mA electricity. With the help of supplying electrons to denitrification through SO₄²⁻ reduction, coulomb efficiency was improved to 61.5%. Also, bioelectrochemical sulfate reduction could improve sulfur recovery and thus increase TN removal efficiency. Furthermore, through tuning turnover numbers of SO₄²⁻, high TN removal efficiency can be obtained at various concentrations of SO₄²⁻. Moreover, main functional bacteria in this system were identified. Finally, ~75% TN removal efficiency was achieved with real wastewater in this system. Overall, this work offered a new approach for efficient nitrogen removal from industrial wastewater containing SO₄²⁻.     

虚拟网映射竞争算法设计与分析

对网络虚拟化技术中的虚拟网映射问题及其研究现状进行了介绍,针对虚拟节点映射已知且物理网不支持路径分割的虚拟网映射问题,提出以物理网提供商收益最大化为目标的虚拟网映射竞争算法,并给出了算法的竞争比分析。实验表明,所提出的算法能提高物理网资源的负载均衡度和利用率,从而提高了虚拟网构建请求的接受率和物理网提供商的收益。     

优化正规基域元素乘法的快速计算

给出基域GF(2m)上优化正规基域元素乘法的一般计算公式,针对Rosing算法中预计算较多的问题,结合Ning-Yin算法思想,提出一种改进算法和3种预计算方法。与Ning-Yin算法相比,改进算法的效率提高了约20%。     

基于禁忌遗传算法求解路由和波长分配问题

静态的路由选择和波长分配(RWA)问题是WDM光网络中的一个重要问题,目前常用的处理方法是将RWA问题拆成选路子问题和波长分配子问题.静态RWA问题通常先按某种策略确定建立光路的顺序,然后用启发式算法加以解决.提出通过禁忌遗传算法对光路的建立顺序进行优化,然后用基于爬山算法的启发式算法来求解以波长数最小为优化目标的静态RWA问题.通过对ARPANet等5种实际光网络的仿真表明,提出的算法和文献[5]相比,所用的波长数更少,且大部分优化结果达到最优.     

吉比特无源光纤网应用技术研究

简要介绍了吉比特无源光纤网（GPON）的系统结构,详细分析了GPON技术的技术特点、应用模式,建立了GPON的工程建设原则。