不同折流板结构螺旋折流板换热器传热性能的比较(英文)

Numerical simulations were performed on flow and heat transfer performances of heat exchangers having six helical baffles of different baffle shapes and assembly configurations, i.e., two trisection baffle schemes, two quadrant baffle schemes, and two continuous helical baffle schemes. The temperature contour or the pressure contour and velocity contour plots with superimposed velocity vectors on meridian, transverse and unfolded concentric hexagonal slices are presented to obtain a full angular view. For the six helix baffled heat exchangers, the different patterns of the single vortex secondary flow and the shortcut leakage flow were depicted as wel as the heat transfer properties were compared. The results show that the optimum scheme among the six configurations is a circumferential overlap trisection helix baffled heat exchanger with a baffle incline angle of 20° (20°TCO) scheme with an anti-shortcut baffle structure, which exhibits the second highest pressure dropΔpo, the highest overal heat transfer coefficient K, shel-side heat transfer coefficient ho and shel-side average comprehensive index ho/Δpo.     

Optimised phase compositions and improved microwave dielectric properties based on calcium tin silicates

The Ca_(1+2y)Sn_(1-x)Si_(1+y)O_(5-2x+4y) low-permittivity microwave dielectric ceramics were prepared through solid-state reaction at 1350–1450 °C for 5 h. The relations between microwave dielectric properties and phase compositions for non-stoichiometric Ca_(1+2y)Sn_(1-x)Si_(1+y)O_(5-2x+4y) ceramics have been investigated. A single CaSnSiO₅ phase with abnormally positive temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ_f = + 62.5 ppm/°C) was synthesised at 1450 °C. This composition was an effective τ_f compensator of CaSiO₃ and Ca₃SnSi₂O₉ phases with typically negative τ_f value. The CaSiO₃ second phase was related to the Sn deficiency in the CaSn_(1-x)SiO_(5-2x) (0 < x < 1.0) composition, whereas the Ca₃SnSi₂O₉ second phase was obtained by controlling the Ca:Sn:Si ratios on the basis of the Ca_(1+2y)SnSi_(1+y)O_(5+4y) (0 < y < 1.0) composition. A promising low-permittivity millimetre-wave ceramic with most excellent microwave dielectric properties (ε_r = 10.2, Q×f = 81,000 GHz and τ_f = −4.8 ppm/°C) was produced from the Ca_(1+2y)SnSi_(1+y)O_(5+4y) (y = 0.4) ceramic.     

Thermal stability of metal-doped diamond-like carbon fabricated by dual plasma deposition

Metal incorporation into amorphous diamond-like carbon films can provide superior properties as metal nano-clusters or nanocrystalline metallic carbides can be embedded in the carbon network. In this work, a filtered metal plasma cathodic arc technique is used to generate a metal plasma and acetylene is introduced to the metal plasma plume to deposit metal-containing DLC (Me-DLC) films and form nanocrystalline carbide phases in the amorphous carbon matrix. The films exhibit high thermal stability up to annealing temperatures of 500 °C as revealed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. At treatment temperature over 500 °C, a large amount of hydrogen is lost from the Me-DLC films as shown by elastic recoil detection. Breakdown and structural collapse of the film at high temperature can be attributed to the breaking of C–H bonds. Consequently, the C–C networks become more graphite-like to facilitate the formation of volatile C–O and metal oxides phases.     

Modeling,numerical optimization,and irreversibility reduction of a dual-pressure reheat combined-cycle

Optimizing the gas-turbine combined-cycle is an important method for improving its efficiency. In this paper, a dual-pressure reheat combined-cycle was modeled and optimized for 80 cases. Constraints were set on the minimum temperature-difference for pinch points (PP_m), superheat approach temperature-difference, steam-turbine inlet temperature and pressure, stack temperature, and dryness fraction at the steam-turbine’s outlet. The dual-pressure reheat combined-cycle was optimized using two different methods; the direct search and the variable metric. A technique to reduce the irreversibility of the steam generator of the combined cycle was introduced. The optimized and the reduced-irreversibility dual-pressure reheat combined-cycles were compared with the regularly-designed dual-pressure reheat combined-cycle, which is the typical design for a commercial combined-cycle. The effects of varying the inlet temperature of the gas turbine (TIT) and PP_m on the performance of all cycles were presented and discussed. The results indicated that the optimized combined-cycle is up to 1% higher in efficiency than the reduced-irreversibility combined-cycle, which is 2–2.5% higher in efficiency than the regularly-designed combined-cycle when compared for the same values of TIT and PP_m. The advantages of the optimized and reduced-irreversibility combined-cycles were manifested when compared with the most efficient commercially-available combined cycle at the same value of TIT.     

数字水印攻击及对策分析

数字水印技术作为数字媒体版权保护的重要手段越来越引起人们的重视。文章讨论了数字水印的概念、特征,重点介绍了数字水印的鲁棒性及影响数字水印鲁棒性的因素,总结和分析了数字水印主要攻击方式并提出相应的应对措施。     

中、后期雨水收集分流优化

为提高传统雨水收集方法中的雨水调蓄能力,提出一种基于SWMM(Storm Water Management Model)的雨水分流优化方法。该方法在传统的初期雨水弃流工艺基础之上,依据分离器中水位与出口流量之间的关系,调节分离器中的雨水蓄留池出口和市政雨水管道出口之间的高差h来调整分流器的雨水削峰作用。依据分流器原理构建了优化方法的目标函数,并运用PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization)与SWMM相结合对目标函数进行求解进而获得不同降雨情景下的最优高差h,使得分离器在不同降雨情景下针对中、后期的降雨过程具有最佳的雨水削峰作用。研究结果表明:优化方法充分利用了雨水蓄留池的调蓄空间,将削峰作用最大化,与传统雨水收集方法相比,优化方法具有较好的雨水削峰效果,特别是在高重现期降雨下(20 a、50 a、100 a)的雨水峰值分别削减了44.76%、42.03%和40.77%。研究结果可以为城市雨水收集相关研究提供参考依据。     

New Paradigm of Data-Driven Smart Customisation through Digital Twin

Big data is one of the most important resources for the promotion of smart customisation. With access to data from multiple sources, manufacturers can provide on-demand and customised products. However, existing research of smart customisation has focused on data generated from the physical world, not virtual models. As physical data is constrained by what has already occurred, it is limited in the identification of new areas to improve customer satisfaction. A new technology called digital twin aims to achieve this integration of physical and virtual entities. Incorporation of digital twin into the paradigm of existing data-driven smart customisation will make the process more responsive, adaptable and predictive. This paper presents a new framework of data-driven smart customisation augmented by digital twin. The new framework aims to facilitate improved collaboration of all stakeholders in the customisation process. A case study of the elevator industry illustrates the efficacy of the proposed framework.     

Accurate positioning of a drilling and riveting cell for aircraft assembly

Modern aircraft assembly demands assembly cells or machines with higher machining efficiency and accuracy. Thus, a dual-machine drilling and riveting cell is developed in this paper. We firstly discuss its physical design, as well as the automatic drilling and riveting process. With the automatic drilling and riveting cell, drilling and riveting production line of aircraft panels can be expected. The frame chain of the drilling and riveting cell is constructed to link the assembly cell to its task space, which is the kinematics base. System calibrations, including task space calibration, the sensor calibration of an orientation alignment unit, the floating calibration of the implicit hand-eye relationship, are explored. For high positioning accuracy, a multi-sensor servoing method is proposed for cell positioning. An orientation-based laser servoing strategy, which uses the feedback of the orientation errors measured by laser displacement sensors, is used to align drilling direction and camera shooting direction. Besides, A single-camera-based visual servoing is applied to align the tool center point (TCP) to reference holes, to obtain their coordinates for drilling position modification. Experiments of multi-sensor servoing for cell positioning are performed on an automatic drilling and riveting machine developed for the panel assembly of an aircraft in China. With the cell positioning method, the automatic drilling and riveting cell can approximately achieve an accuracy of 0.05 mm, which can adequately fulfill the requirement for the assembly of the aircraft.     

基于粗糙集的一类彩色验证码识别研究

文章根据一类图片验证码的字符颜色、大小、字符间位置关系,使用粗糙集的方法将验证码图片中的字符分割出来,再使用AdaBoost算法进行训练,将分割得到的字符识别出来。经实验证明,该算法对该类彩色验证码,无需很高的训练样本,即具有很高的识别率和速率,基本可以满足实时应用、、