一次性使用医用手套标准解读

一次性医用手套是能够防止人们交叉感染的常用防护用品。随着新冠肺炎疫情在全球范围的迅速蔓延,疫情防控一线以及广大普通民众对一次性医用手套的需求与日俱增,其标准也受到广泛关注。本文对中国国家标准涉及一次性使用医用手套的4项产品标准进行了解读,并分析它们与国外同种产品标准间的对应关系以及重点指标的差异。     

The ability of eye-tracking metrics to classify and predict the perceived driving workload

Traffic safety is directly related to the mental and physical condition of the driver. Performing regular secondary tasks while driving is an additional activity that dissipates attention and adds to the drivers' workload. Identifying driver fatigue and workload based on gaze behavior is one way to ensure a safe driving experience. The purpose of this paper is to classify and predict driving perceived workload using a set of eye-tracking metrics (gaze fixation, duration, pointing, and pupil diameter). The ability of eye-tracking metrics to predict driving workload has been investigated. As a result, frustration, performance, and temporal load showed a correlation with gaze metrics. Gaze point, duration, fixation, and pupil diameter significantly influence driving workload.Relevance to industry: Results will supply the specialists in eye-tracking/sensor technologies and traffic safety with new knowledge to improve the design of the driving performance and safety monitoring systems and efficiency of the driving process.     

一种基于AOA信任评估的无线传感器网络Sybil攻击检测新方法*

随着无线传感器网络(WSN)技术广泛应用在数字家庭网络及其他领域,其安全问题日益突出。针对无线传感器网络中典型的Sybil攻击,提出了一种基于信号到达角信任评估检测新方法TEBA。信标节点基于Sybil节点创建多个虚拟身份。但其物理位置相同的思想,利用信号到达角相位差对邻居节点身份作出信任评估,将低于某一信任阈值的节点身份归为Sybil攻击。方案引入多节点协作思想,摒弃了复杂的质心计算,实现了低时延高效性检测。仿真结果表明,该方法能防御及检测Sybil攻击, 有效保护系统性能。     

基于Solr的大规模标准文献可视化分析系统

国家标准馆是唯一的国家级标准收藏机构,建成了规模庞大的标准文献题录数据库、全文数据库.但是面对海量的数据资源,标准文献研究人员在没有计算机相关知识的情况下难以对相关数据进行全面的了解和研究,传统的研究方式也无法实时并直观的对统计数据进行展示.本文基于这些问题,开发了大规模标准文献可视化分析系统,设计和实现了可以自由定制的数据统计功能以及对标准文献的起草人、起草机构的关联分析功能.本系统为标准文献研究领域的研究人员提供了一个对标准文献资源高效便捷的可视化分析工具,研究人员对统计数据进行定制就能够获取到有效的数据,大幅提升了标准文献资源的分析效率.     

An evolution strategy-based multiple kernels multi-criteria programming approach: The case of credit decision making

Credit risk analysis has long attracted a great deal of attention from both academic researchers and practitioners. However, because of the recent financial crisis, this field continues to draw ever increasingly attention. A multiple kernels multi-criteria programming approach based on evolution strategy (ES-MK-MCP) is proposed for credit decision making in this study. We introduce a linear combination of kernel functions to enhance the interpretability of credit classification models, and propose an alternative to optimize the parameters based on the evolution strategy. For illustration purpose, two UCI credit card data sets are used to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model. As the experimental results reveal, the proposed ES-MK-MCP model is an efficient tool for credit risk analysis, especially for decision makers to identify the most relevant features.     

泊松过程在用户上下线模型中的应用

提出了基于非齐次泊松过程的宽带拨号上网(ADSL)用户上下线模型.对用户上下线行为进行建模,并基于现网真实数据,使用模型计算用户24 h内的每时刻退出登录的平均概率,将模型的预测值与现网实测数据进行对比,分析了不同用户组退出登录概率一天内的变化和持续在线平均概率的变化.分析结果表明,提出的ADSL宽带用户上下线模型可以有效、量化地描述用户上下线行为,在ADSL宽带用户上下线行为的异常检测和舆情分析等领域具有较好的工程应用价值.     

消费品质量安全影响因子评估系统设计与实现

主要研究了消费品质量安全影响因子评估系统的设计与实现。首先分析了消费品质量安全影响因子评估工作流程,从而确定了系统的功能需求。然后通过用例分析、静态行为建模、动态行为建模等UML分析工具对评估系统进行了功能设计和数据库设计。最后选取了VisualStudio开发平台根据三层架构理论对该系统进行了实现。该系统适用于所有消费品质量安全影响因子评估工作。     

Bar-coated high-performance organic thin-film transistors based on ultrathin PDFDT polymer with molecular weight independence

We report high-performance organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with an ultrathin active layer of difluorobenzothiadiazole-dithienosilole copolymer (PDFDT) form by using the wire bar-coating process. The top-gate/bottom contact (TG/BC) OTFTs based on bar-coated PDFDT polymer as channel material and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as gate dielectric show a hole mobility of up to 2.2 cm² V⁻¹s⁻¹ with a current ON/OFF ratio (I_on/I_off) of 10⁴∼10⁵, with the mobility being two times larger than that of the spin-coated PDFDT based OTFTs. The higher mobility of the bar-coated PDFDT polymer films can be attributed to the well-organized fibril structures of the polymer chains. Importantly, two different molecular weight polymers (M_n = 23 and 34 kDa) were employed to conduct these experiments and both batches showed about the same performance, which mitigates the typical batch-to-batch variation in OTFT performance. Furthermore, we explored the operational stability of the bar-coated OTFTs in ambient air and nitrogen environments. The bias-stress and cycling tests between the ON/OFF states of the bar-coated devices showed high stability in both nitrogen and air. Conclusively, here we demonstrate that (i) a simple bar-coating process is a better method to control and obtain good polymer morphology in comparison to spin-coating, and (ii) the PDFDT polymer has great potential to provide good reproducibility and stability in large-area OTFT devices.     

Synergetic effects of high-pressure carbon dioxide and nisin on the inactivation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Synergetic effects of high-pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) and nisin on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. Changes in morphology, interior structure, and membrane permeability were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. Synergetic effects were found, especially in S. aureus. HPCD alone or with nisin led to morphological and intracellular alterations in both bacteria, but nisin alone led to these damages only in S. aureus. A positive correlation between membrane damage and inactivation was found, but ratios of inactivation were higher, probably because of viable but non-culturable state. Mechanisms were proposed for synergism: for E. coli, outer membrane was damaged first by HPCD, and then HPCD and nisin jointly acted on and destroyed the cytoplasmic membrane, leading to further intracellular damage by HPCD; for S. aureus, HPCD and nisin acted on the cytoplasmic membrane together leading to cell death.Industrial RelevanceEscherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are two common microorganisms, which exist widely in the environment and easily contaminate food such as vegetables and dairy products, respectively. Considering heat treatment may destroy some heat-sensitive quality of the products, this study evaluated synergetic effects of high-pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) combined with the bacteriocin nisin. The investigations provided evidence for potentially combined application of HPCD and nisin to help keep food safe in the industry.     

A Wiener process model for accelerated degradation analysis considering measurement errors

Accelerated degradation analysis plays an important role in assessing reliability and making maintenance schedule for highly reliable products with long lifetime. In practical engineering, degradation data, especially measured under accelerated condition, are often compounded and contaminated by measurement errors, which makes the analysis more challenging. Therefore, a Wiener process model simultaneously incorporating temporal variability, individual variation and measurement errors is proposed to analyze the accelerated degradation test (ADT). The explicit forms of the probability distribution function (PDF) and the cumulative distribution function (CDF) are derived based on the concept of first hitting time (FHT). Then, combining with the acceleration models, the maximum likelihood estimations (MLE) of the model parameters are obtained. Finally, a comprehensive simulation study involving two examples and a practical application are given to demonstrate the necessity and efficiency of the proposed model.