Spray coating process variable and property analysis of UV-curable polyurethane acrylate coating on polycarbonate substrate

A series of spray coating experiments were conducted on an UV-curable, polyurethane-modified, acrylate-based coating formulation with the aim to control defects, coating thickness, and thickness variation. Statistical approaches including design of experiment, residual examination, analysis of variance, and t-test were used in designing the experiments and analyzing data. Viscosity of formulation, atomizing pressure, liquid feeding pressure, distance between nozzle and substrate, and travel speed of substrate were the process variables studied. The ranges of process variables that gave defect-free coating were identified and used in the subsequent experiments to determine process variables and interactions that had significant contribution to the changes in coating thickness and thickness variation. All process variables studied were found to have contribution to the change in coating thickness, but they showed no significant contribution to the variation of coating thickness. No interaction displayed significant contribution. Confirmation tests performed on extra samples prepared with varying coating thicknesses indicated a good agreement with the experimental results. Additional samples were tested for total transmittance, transmission haze, adhesion, surface roughness, hardness, scratch hardness, abrasion resistance, and durability to attack of car wash chemicals. Spray coated samples showed slight improvement in the total transmittance over the uncoated samples, while maintaining the transmission haze and exhibiting rougher surfaces. Only samples with thin coatings were found to possess sufficient adhesion to the substrate. These thin coatings gave improved hardness, scratch hardness, and durability to car wash attack to the level comparable to commercial coated polycarbonate headlamp lenses, whilst giving better abrasion resistance.     

Optimal pixel aspect ratio for enhanced 3D TV visualization

In multiview 3D TV, a pair of corresponding pixels in adjacent 2D views contributes to the reconstruction of voxels (3D pixels) in the 3D scene. We analyze this reconstruction process and determine the optimal pixel aspect ratio based on which the estimated object position can be improved given specific imaging or viewing configurations and constraints. By applying mathematical modeling, we deduce the optimal solutions for two general stereo configurations: parallel and with vergence. We theoretically show that for a given total resolution a finer horizontal resolution, compared to the usual uniform pixel distribution, in general, provides a better 3D visual experience for both configurations. The optimal value may vary depending on different configuration parameter values. We validate our theoretical results by conducting subjective studies using a set of simulated non-square discretized red–blue stereo pairs and show that human observers indeed have a better 3D viewing experience with an optimized vs. a non-optimized representation of 3D-models.     

考虑柔性电负荷和热负荷的综合能源系统容量优化配置

柔性负荷参与调度能够削峰填谷、优化负荷曲线,降低系统成本。考虑可平移负荷、可转移负荷和可削减负荷建立了电力柔性负荷模型;根据用户对温度感知的模糊性建立了热力柔性负荷模型;采用混合整数线性规划方法,以经济成本最小和一次能源消耗量最少为目标,对综合能源系统进行配置优化,得到各个设备的最佳容量和各时段出力。算例结果表明,通过调度柔性电负荷和灵活调整室内温度,可促进可再生能源消纳、优化电负荷和热负荷曲线,从而提高风机装机容量、降低燃气轮机容量和蓄热罐容量、提高系统经济性、降低一次能源消耗量、提高可再生能源渗透率。     

Effect of sulfate on Cu(Ⅱ) sorption to polymer-supported nano-hydrated ferric oxides: Experimental and modeling studies

Incorporating of hydrous ferric oxide(HFO) inside porous supports with large sizes has become an effective way to decontaminate the water from heavy metals. Ubiquitous anions like sulfate are usually present in high concentrations in water, and might greatly affect adsorption behavior of hybrid HFO. Here, a polymer-based HFO-CPS was fabricated by encapsulating nano-HFO inside a chloromethylated polystyrene polymer(CPS) and the reactivity of HFO-CPS with Cu(Ⅱ) was evaluated in the presence of sulfate ions.Surface complexation theory was firstly employed to describe the effect of sulfate on Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption edges of hybrid HFO-CPS, where constant capacitance model(CCM) was adopted. The available weak adsorption site Fe_((2))OH of hybrid HFO-CPS was found to decrease from 20% Fe to 5% Fe, which might be caused by the pore plugging effect after HFO encapsulation. With the assumption that a ternary complex was formed, the effect of sulfate on Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption by HFO-CPS were successfully described by CCM using the optimized Fe_((2))OH site under different sulfate concentrations(1 or 10 mmol·L~(-1)) and Cu/Fe ratios(0.0042 or 0.0252). It is confirmed that the formation of Fe OHCu SO_4 ternary surface complexes played an important role in enhancing Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption on HFO-CPS in the presence of sulfate.     

边缘AI的霜雪识别系统设计与实现

为提高霜雪识别系统的识别率,开展了基于边缘AI的霜雪识别系统设计。综合海思嵌入式处理器Hi3559A高算力、低功耗特点,硬件部分采用模块复用的方法降低功耗和资源消耗,软件部分,从模型训练、模型量化、模型部署入手对MobileNetV2图像分类网络和ISP自适应处理算法进行改进,最终识别率99.7%,预处理时间0.3 s,图像分类时间0.8 s,模组平均功率2 W,鲁棒性好、性能稳定。由此可见Hi3559A智能相机模组可有效纠正雪深探测仪的疑误数据。     

条件生成对抗遥感图像时空融合

目的 卫星遥感技术在硬件方面的局限导致获取的遥感图像在时间与空间分辨率之间存在矛盾,而时空融合提供了一种高效、低成本的方式来融合具有时空互补性的两类遥感图像数据（典型代表是Landsat和MODIS （moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer）图像）,生成同时具有高时空分辨率的融合数据,解决该问题。方法 提出了一种基于条件生成对抗网络的时空融合方法,可高效处理实际应用中的大量遥感数据。与现有的学习模型相比,该模型具有以下优点：1）通过学习一个非线性映射关系来显式地关联MODIS图像和Landsat图像;2）自动学习有效的图像特征;3）将特征提取、非线性映射和图像重建统一到一个框架下进行优化。在训练阶段,使用条件生成对抗网络建立降采样Landsat和MODIS图像之间的非线性映射,然后在原始Landsat和降采样Landsat之间训练多尺度超分条件生成对抗网络。预测过程包含两层：每层均包括基于条件生成对抗网络的预测和融合模型。分别实现从MODIS到降采样Landsat数据之间的非线性映射以及降采样Landsat与原始Landsat之间的超分辨率首建。结果 在基准数据集CIA （coleam bally irrigation area）和LGC （lower Gwydir catchment）上的结果表明,条件生成对抗网络的方法在4种评测指标上均达到领先结果,例如在CIA数据集上,RMSE （root mean squared error）、SAM （spectral angle mapper）、SSIM （structural similarity）和ERGAS （erreur relative global adimensionnelle desynthese）分别平均提高了0.001、0.15、0.008和0.065;在LGC数据集上分别平均提高了0.001 2、0.7、0.018和0.008 9。明显优于现有基于稀疏表示的方法与基于卷积神经网络的方法。结论 本文提出的条件生成对抗融合模型,能够充分学习Landsat和MODIS图像之间复杂的非线性映射,产生更加准确的融合结果。     

基于心冲击图和BP神经网络的心率异常分类研究

心率变异性（Heart rate variability, HRV）被广泛用于临床自主神经系统评估和心率异常分类,传统的HRV分析基于心电图（Electrocardiogram, ECG）、光容积图（Photoplethysmography, PPG）和远程光容积图（Remote PPG, RPPG）,这些方法存在诸多不足：（1）ECG检测需在皮肤涂抹刺激性的耦合剂并附加电极,不宜长期监测且ECG设备价格昂贵;（2）PPG和RPPG测量时存在环境光学噪声,以及肤色不同形成的个体差异性较大;（3）ECG和PPG检测属于接触式,容易带给患者不适感。基于以上不足,提出了一种基于心冲击图（Ballistocardiogram,BCG）的HRV分析方法,该方法降低了传统设备用于HRV分析的成本,利用非接触检测减轻了患者不适感,独特的检测原理避免了个体差异性问题,在长期心血管疾病检测中起着至关重要的作用。实验中采用逆传播（Back propagation,BP）神经网络模型对心率异常进行预测分类,准确率达到80%,表明了该方法的先进性和可靠性。     

基于距离加权重叠度估计与椭圆拟合优化的精确目标跟踪算法

为解决判别式相关滤波（DCF）跟踪算法在跟踪目标旋转或非刚性形变时的模型漂移、尺度粗糙、跟踪失败问题,提出一种基于距离加权重叠度估计与椭圆拟合优化的精确目标跟踪算法（DWOP-EFO）。首先,同时采用矩形框之间的重叠度和中心距离作为动态锚框质量评价的依据,能够缩小预测结果与目标区域之间的空间距离,缓解模型漂移问题;其次,为了进一步提高跟踪精度,采用轻量化的目标分割网络将目标从背景中分割出来,再利用椭圆拟合算法对分割轮廓进行优化并输出稳定的旋转矩形框,实现对目标尺度的精确估计;最后,通过尺度置信度优化策略对置信度高的尺度结果实现门控输出。所提算法能缓解模型漂移问题,同时有利于增强跟踪器的鲁棒性和提升跟踪精度。在两个最为流行的评测数据集VOT2018和OTB100上进行了实验,结果表明：在VOT2018数据集上,所提算法的期望平均重叠率（EAO）指标比基于重叠度最大化准确跟踪算法（ATOM）提高2.2个百分点,相较于基于可学习的判别模型跟踪器（DiMP）提高1.9个百分点;同时,所提算法在OTB100评测数据集上的成功率指标比ATOM高出1.3个百分点,特别是在非刚性形变属性上效果显著。所提算法在评测数据集上的平均运行速率均超过25 frame/s实现了实时跟踪。     

镉质量浓度和鱼尺寸对罗非鱼积累和转移镉的影响

为研究尺寸和镉(Cd~(2+))质量浓度对罗非鱼积累和转移水环境中Cd~(2+)的影响,用室内培养的方法,选取4种尺寸的罗非鱼,设置不同质量浓度Cd~(2+)的暴露试验,分别测定其半致死率、Cd~(2+)积累量和对Cd~(2+)的转移系数以及罗非鱼的相对增长率.结果表明:不同尺寸的罗非鱼对Cd~(2+)的响应不同,其中,幼龄鱼的LC50浓度最低,体长为31.5±3.4 cm的罗非鱼LC50最高;低质量浓度Cd~(2+)(0.5 mg/kg)处理下,罗非鱼尺寸不同,相同鱼组织对Cd~(2+)的吸收积累量差异显著(P0.05),而高质量浓度Cd~(2+)处理时,不同尺寸罗非鱼的同一组织对Cd~(2+)的积累量无显著性差异;除体长27.4±2.9 cm罗非鱼外,相同尺寸的罗非鱼Cd~(2+)转移系数都是低质量浓度显著大于高质量浓度(P0.05);高质量浓度Cd~(2+)处理对各种尺寸罗非鱼质量增加的抑制率显著高于低质量浓度Cd~(2+)处理的抑制率.此外,不同Cd~(2+)质量浓度对相同尺寸的罗非鱼也产生不同的影响.因此,罗非鱼的尺寸和Cd~(2+)质量浓度都对罗非鱼积累和转移Cd~(2+)产生影响.     

高精度光散射气溶胶质量浓度测量系统的信号处理研究

气溶胶质量浓度是评价大气环境变化的关键参数,光散射法是测量该参数的有效方法。但现有反演模型多采用散射光信号积分量反演质量浓度,导致颗粒物细化信息丢失,且未考虑颗粒形貌因素。针对上述问题,本文提出了一种采用散射光信号幅度分布反演气溶胶质量浓度的分形模型,充分利用了颗粒散射光的信号幅度信息与数目信息,有效提高了反演精度。实验结果表明：对于烟尘和空气样品,分形模型质量浓度反演值与实际测量值吻合,拟合直线斜率与1的绝对差为0.034和0.016,相关系数高于0.999,实验平均相对误差均小于7.7%,而电压积分量反演的质量浓度平均相对误差则在18.7%以内。该研究为光散射法应用于在线监测气溶胶质量浓度提供了一种新的精确反演方法。