Estimation bias of ocean current measured by along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar and its compensation methods

In previous works on current measured by along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ATISAR), the decorrelation function of an ocean-surface backscattering signal was usually assumed to be a real Gaussian function, i.e. the phase term was omitted. In this study, it is proved that the omission of the phase term included in the decorrelation function results in a significant estimation bias that can be modelled by a higher-order function of time lag and that the coefficients of this higher-order function can be expressed as a series of higher-order Doppler spectral moments. This model is validated by the scatterometer data obtained from an experimental wind-wave tank. The estimation bias especially needs to be considered for the ATISAR system with a long time lag. Simulation results show that if the time lag is equal to the coherence time, the estimation bias of the current can reach about 0.2 m s^?1, which is not insignificant in high-precision current-retrieving applications. However, because most real-life ATISAR systems, including TerraSAR-X, operate with time lags significantly shorter than the expected coherence time, the estimation biases in these systems are relatively small or even negligible. Finally, four possible compensation methods for the estimation bias are proposed and discussed.     

直升机载雷达频域成像算法

直升机载雷达具有全视域成像、重访周期短等优点,能有效保障直升机等旋翼飞行器的低空飞行安全.针对现有的成像算法存在方位向失配问题,提出了直升机载雷达频域成像算法,通过对直升机载雷达回波进行频域特性分析,从而获取二维精确频谱,并构建频域校正函数和匹配函数,实现回波数据的匹配成像.仿真实验验证了文中算法的有效性.     

大气信道下窄线宽激光器对相干通信系统性能影响研究

在空间下行相干激光通信系统中,激光器的线宽大小会影响通信系统的性能,而窄线宽激光器能有效降低激光器线宽引起的激光器相位噪声,目前已经成为相干激光通信系统的首选。光信号在大气信道传输时,大气湍流会引起光信号强度和相位的波动,从而进一步影响系统的通信性能。针对上述问题,基于四相移键控(Quadri Phase Shift Keying, QPSK)通信系统的工作原理,进一步考虑窄线宽激光器线宽和大气湍流引起的光信号强度和相位的波动,给出了空间下行QPSK通信系统误码率模型。并基于该模型,数值仿真分析了窄线宽激光器对空间下行相干激光通信系统性能的影响。结果表明：大气湍流不仅严重影响系统性能,也会弱化激光器线宽对系统性能的影响。而对于大气湍流影响而言,其引起的相位波动要大于光强波动的影响。此外,随着通信速率增大,激光器线宽对于系统性能影响也会随之降低。文中对于空间下行相干激光通信系统的优化设计和调试具有一定的实际参考意义。     

Study on multi-frequency weak signal detection method based on stochastic resonance tuning by multi-scale noise

In practical engineering applications, useful information is often submerged in strong noise and the feature information is difficult to be extracted. Aimed at the detection problem of multi-frequency signal under colored noise background, a novel weak signal detection method based on stochastic resonance (SR) tuning by multi-scale noise is proposed. Firstly, noisy signal is processed by orthogonal wavelet transform to decompose the signal into multi-scale ingredients. According to the orthogonal wavelet transform coefficients characteristics of 1/f distribution, multi-scale noise is constructed so as to make the frequency-band containing the driving frequency be enhanced through SR system. Thus multi-frequency weak signal is detected. The method is effective to detect multi-frequency weak signal under colored noise background. Experiment signal analysis results show that the proposed method is simple for multi-frequency weak signal detection, and has good prospects for engineering applications.     

QC-LDPC码的截短技术研究

可变码率编码是现代移动通信系统的一项关键技术。在分组码中,截短(short-ening)技术是实现这一目的主要方法之一。截短是一种通过将一些信息比特用预先约定好的值置换,从而将这些比特的置信度设为无限大的技术。通过该技术,可以缩短码长并降低码率,同时提高码字的性能。针对非规则QC-LDPC码,结合PEXIT分析方法,给出了一种优化地选取截短比特的方法。仿真结果和分析表明,本文的方法使得截短后的码字取得良好的译码性能。     

太阳风暴对航天器电子产品的影响

太阳风暴是一种常见的空间灾害天气现象，对人类的航天活动有着巨大的影响。对太阳风暴的产生原因和航天器电子产品在太阳风暴发生期间可能遭受的影响，作了全面分析。针对这些影响，提出了提高航天器电子产品抗太阳风暴能力的建议以及相应的防护措施。     

基于缺陷地技术六位数字移相器的设计

针对传统的数字移相器工作频带窄,插入损耗大等不足,提出了一种利用缺陷地结构的加匹配线的新型开关式移相器设计技术。该开关式移相器包括固定长的主线以及在主线边缘的开路短截线、短路短截线和背面的缺陷地结构。研制了具有2.3GHz~2.5GHz和3.0GHz~3.2GHz两个带通移相器,具有插入损耗小,移相精度高等优点。实际测试特性:六位数字移相器插入损耗低于5.6dB、相移精度小于3.5°、驻波比小于1.4。     

宽阻带高抑制能力的梳状滤波器

本文介绍一种高抑制能力梳状滤波器的设计。给出一种用于谐波雷达中的滤波器结构和电气性能，其指标满足谐波雷达的整机要求。     

曲线交叠外推的微动多目标宽带分辨算法

针对传统的微多普勒特征提取技术难以解决多目标分辨和微动参数估计这一问题,该文针对进动多目标,提出一种曲线交叠外推的微动多目标宽带分辨算法。该算法以各个滤波数据点间的相对距离为准则,结合各曲线的历史斜率信息,对交叠点后的点迹进行外推估计,实现各个分量信号微动曲线的区分关联。在此基础上,通过分析各曲线的微动特性差异实现多目标分辨。仿真实验验证了所提算法的有效性和稳定性。     

Effect of MgF2 addition on mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of silicon nitride ceramics

Dense silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) ceramics were prepared using Y₂O₃ and MgF₂ as sintering aids by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1650 °C for 5 min and post-sintering annealing at 1900 °C for 4 h. Effects of MgF₂ contents on densification, phase transformation, microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity of the Si₃N₄ ceramics before and after heat treatment were investigated. Results indicated that the initial temperature of liquid phase was effectively decreased, whereas phase transformation was improved as increasing the content of MgF₂. For optimized mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of Si₃N₄, optimum value for MgF₂ content existed. Sample with 3 mol.% Y₂O₃ and 2 mol.% MgF₂ obtained optimum flexural strength, fracture toughness and thermal conductivity (857 MPa, 7.4 MPa m^1/2 and 76 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, respectively). It was observed that excessive MgF₂ reduced the performance of the ceramic, which was caused by the presence of excessive volatiles.