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1.
目的 精确的肺肿瘤分割对肺癌诊断、手术规划以及放疗具有重要意义。计算机断层扫描（computed tomography,CT）是肺癌诊疗中最重要的辅助手段,但阅片是一项依靠医生主观经验、劳动密集型的工作,容易造成诊断结果的不稳定,实现快速、稳定和准确的肺肿瘤自动分割方法是当前研究的热点。随着深度学习的发展,使用卷积神经网络进行肺肿瘤的自动分割成为了主流。本文针对3D U-Net准确度不足,容易出现假阳性的问题,设计并实现了3维卷积神经网络DAU-Net（dual attention U-Net）。方法 首先对数据进行预处理,调整CT图像切片内的像素间距,设置窗宽、窗位,并通过裁剪去除CT图像中的冗余信息。DAU-Net以3D U-Net为基础结构,将每两个相邻的卷积层替换为残差结构,并在收缩路径和扩张路径中间加入并联在一起的位置注意力模块和通道注意力模块。预测时,采用连通域分析对网络输出的二值图像进行后处理,通过判断每个像素与周围26个像素的连通关系获取所有的连通域,并清除最大连通域外的其他区域,进一步提升分割精度。结果 实验数据来自上海胸科医院,总共1 010例肺癌患者,每例数据只包含一个病灶,专业的放射科医师提供了金标准,实验采用十折交叉验证。结果表明,本文提出的肺肿瘤分割算法与3D U-Net相比,Dice系数和哈斯多夫距离分别提升了2.5%和9.7%,假阳性率减少了13.6%。结论 本文算法能够有效提升肺肿瘤的分割精度,有助于实现肺癌的快速、稳定和准确分割。 相似文献
2.
Qianming Li Quan Liu Zhengxi Wang Xianzuo Zhang Ruixiang Ma Xianli Hu Jiawei Mei Zheng Su Wanbo Zhu Chen Zhu 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2023,19(22):2300592
The recurrence of biofilm-associated infections (BAIs) remains high after implant-associated surgery. Biofilms on the implant surface reportedly shelter bacteria from antibiotics and evade innate immune defenses. Moreover, little is currently known about eliminating residual bacteria that can induce biofilm reinfection. Herein, novel “interference-regulation strategy” based on bovine serum albumin–iridium oxide nanoparticles (BIONPs) as biofilm homeostasis interrupter and immunomodulator via singlet oxygen (1O2)-sensitized mild hyperthermia for combating BAIs is reported. The catalase-like BIONPs convert abundant H2O2 inside the biofilm-microenvironment (BME) to sufficient oxygen gas (O2), which can efficiently enhance the generation of 1O2 under near-infrared irradiation. The 1O2-induced biofilm homeostasis disturbance (e.g., sigB, groEL, agr-A, icaD, eDNA) can disrupt the sophisticated defense system of biofilm, further enhancing the sensitivity of biofilms to mild hyperthermia. Moreover, the mild hyperthermia-induced bacterial membrane disintegration results in protein leakage and 1O2 penetration to kill bacteria inside the biofilm. Subsequently, BIONPs-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment re-rousing successfully re-polarizes macrophages to pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype in vivo to devour residual biofilm and prevent biofilm reconstruction. Collectively, this 1O2-sensitized mild hyperthermia can yield great refractory BAIs treatment via biofilm homeostasis interference, mild-hyperthermia, and immunotherapy, providing a novel and effective anti-biofilm strategy. 相似文献
3.
Jinyu Gong;Jinlong Hu;Xu Yan;Luyao Xiang;Sheng Chen;Huai Yang;Zichao Chen;Qingbing Hou;Yonghong Song;Yunjun Xu;Dongquan Liu;Chaofei Ji;Qin Qin;Haiyi Sun;Junbin Peng;Baoqiang Cao;Yang Lu; 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2024,20(3):2300733
Relapse and unresectability have become the main obstacle for further improving hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment effect. Currently, single therapy for HCC in clinical practice is limited by postoperative recurrence, intraoperative blood loss and poor patient outcomes. Multidisciplinary therapy has been recognized as the key to improving the long-term survival rate for HCC. However, the clinical application of HCC synthetic therapy is restricted by single functional biomaterials. In this study, a magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel (CG-IM) with iron oxide nanoparticle-loaded mica nanosheets (Iron oxide nanoparticles@Mica, IM) is reported. This biocompatible magnetic hydrogel integrated high injectability, magnetocaloric property, mechanical robustness, wet adhesion, and hemostasis, leading to efficient HCC multidisciplinary therapies including postoperative tumor margin treatment and percutaneous locoregional ablation. After minimally invasive hepatectomy of HCC, the CG-IM hydrogel can facilely seal the bleeding hepatic margin, followed by magnetic hyperthermia ablation to effectively prevent recurrence. In addition, CG-IM hydrogel can inhibit unresectable HCC by magnetic hyperthermia through the percutaneous intervention under ultrasound guidance. 相似文献
4.
Almond (Prunus dulcis) is not only widely used as a human food as a result of its flavor, nutrients, and health benefits, but it is also one of the most likely tree nuts to trigger allergies. Almond allergens, however, have not been studied as extensively as those of peanuts and other selected tree nuts. This review provides an update of the molecular properties of almond allergens to clarify some confusion about the identities of almond allergens and our perspective on characterizing putative almond allergens. At present, the following almond allergens have been designated by the World Health Organization/International Union of Immunological Societies Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee: Pru du 3 (a non-specific lipid transfer protein 1, nsLTP1), Pru du 4 (a profilin), Pru du 5 (60S acidic ribosomal protein 2), Pru du 6 (an 11S legumin known as prunin) and Pru du 8 (an antimicrobial protein with cC3C repeats). Besides, almond vicilin and almond γ-conglutin have been identified as food allergens, although further characterization of these allergens is still of interest. In addition, almond 2S albumin was reported as a food allergen as a result of the misidentification of Pru du 8. Two more almond proteins have been called allergens based on their sequence homology with known food allergens and their ‘membership’ in relevant protein families that contain allergens in many species. These include the pathogenesis related-10 protein (referred to as Pru du 1) and the thaumatin-like protein (referred to as Pru du 2). Almonds thus have five known food allergens and five more likely ones that need to be investigated further. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. 相似文献
5.
Bing Xu Ang Li Rui Wang Juan Zhang Yinlong Ding Deng Pan Zuojun Shen 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(41):2105265
The intrinsic hydrophilicity of conventional dressings cannot achieve effective management of excessive biofluid around the wound bed, which inevitably causes infection and hinders wound healing. In addition, present dressings such as medical gauze or band aids have a limited stretching capability, which does not comply well with the skin deformation during muscle movement, thus impacting patient comfort. Herein, a Janus wound dressing is reported by assembling an external hydrophobic (HP) adhesive tape, a filter paper, and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Janus film. The PDMS Janus film as the primary dressing can unidirectionally remove biofluid away from the wound bed. The mechanism of the unidirectional biofluid transport is investigated, demonstrating that the stretching or bending of the Janus dressing is beneficial for unidirectional biofluid draining. It indicates that the Janus PDMS film has potential for practical applications on stretched or bended skin surface. In addition, in order to prevent bacterial infection, amoxicillin powder is uniformly encapsulated on the HP layer of Janus film, resulting in faster wound healing. This study is valuable for designing and fabricating next-generation dressings with high performance for clinical applications. 相似文献
6.
Han Zhou Yu Wu Min Li Qirui Liang Wang Dong Qing Li Yucai Wang 《Advanced functional materials》2024,34(30):2315274
Reperfusion therapy, employed in the treatment of acute stroke, frequently proves to be inadequate in addressing the primary brain tissue injury and may even give rise to secondary damage. The study introduces a satellite nanoparticle platform named MEps, which combine the neural repair properties of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (Exos) with the inflammatory site-targeting abilities of macrophage membranes (MMs). MMs and Exos in MEps act like satellites, ensuring precise positioning and information transmission. MEps rapidly form a protective barrier on the damaged cerebral vascular endothelial cells through the interaction of adhesion molecules with their receptors, blocking the infiltration of neutrophils. Subsequently, repair factors in Exos repair the damaged cells and initiate neurogenesis. The results indicate that this innovative approach effectively mitigates ischemic-reperfusion injury at multiple levels and demonstrates strong biocompatibility. This strategy holds promise for clinical applications in alleviating ischemic-reperfusion injury. 相似文献
7.
Hongda Lu Shi-Yang Tang Jiayuan Zhu Xumin Huang Helen Forgham Xiangke Li Ao Shen Guolin Yun Jinming Hu Shiwu Zhang Thomas P. Davis Weihua Li Ruirui Qiao 《Advanced functional materials》2024,34(6):2311300
Nanoengineering the composition and morphology of functional nanoparticles endows them to perform multiple tasks and functions. An intriguing strategy for creating multifunctional nanomaterials involves the construction of core–shell nanostructures, which have enabled promising applications in biomedicine, energy, sensing, and catalysis. Here, a straightforward nanoengineering approach is presented utilizing liquid metal nanoparticles and galvanic replacement to create diverse core–shell nanostructures. Controlled nanostructures including liquid metal core-gold nanoparticle shell (LM@Au), gold nanoparticle core-gallium oxide shell (Au@Ga oxide), and hollow Ga oxide nanoparticles are successfully fabricated. Remarkably, these investigations reveal that LM@Au exhibits exceptional photothermal performance, achieving an impressive conversion efficiency of 65.9%, which is five times that of gold nanoparticles. By leveraging the high photothermal conversion efficiency and excellent biocompatibility of LM@Au, its promising application in hyperthermia cancer therapy is demonstrated. This simple yet powerful nanoengineering strategy opens new avenues for the controlled synthesis of complex core–shell nanostructures, advancing various fields beyond biomedicine. 相似文献
8.
《Computer Networks》1999,31(5):445-456
We propose a new topology and the associated medium access protocol for Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN's). The network uses a dual bus with connected ends as the topology. The protocol uses a token passing scheme with destination stripping as the access mechanism. Additional transmissions, referred here as restricted transmissions are also included in the protocol. These transmissions are made possible by the end-connected topology. Using this scheme, a station can make use of even a reserved slot for transmission up to the reserving station on the bus. This mechanism considerably improves the network utilization over those of the conventional Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) and the Destination Stripping Dual Ring (DSDR) protocols. We carried out simulations to study the utilization and the delay characteristics of the proposed protocol under various network conditions. We demonstrate that the performance of the proposed protocol is much better than that of the DQDB with slot reuse. 相似文献
9.
Yongchao Wang Prof. Shan Tang 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2023,24(10):e202300036
Covalent catalytic intermediates provide valuable information for revealing the catalytic mechanism, probing the enzyme activity and identifying substrate specificity. However, naturally formed covalent intermediates are too rapidly degraded for general biological studies. In order to capture transient covalent intermediates, a variety of chemical strategies have been developed over decades to extend the half-life of the enzyme-substrate intermediates (or close analogues) required for the downstream structural and functional studies. This review summarizes three general mechanism-based strategies for trapping covalent catalytic intermediates. In particular, enzyme mutant-based approaches, especially the introduction of genetically encoded 2,3-diaminopropionic acid to replace the catalytic cysteine/serine in proteases for acyl-enzyme intermediate trapping are described. In addition, the applications of trapped intermediates in structural, functional and protein labeling studies are presented, and the potential new directions of using enzyme substrate traps are discussed at the end of the review. 相似文献
10.
Mingzhou Wu Kai Zheng Wenhao Li Weiming He Chen Qian Zhixiang Lin Haixiang Xiao Huilin Yang Yaozeng Xu Minggang Wei Jiaxiang Bai Dechun Geng 《Advanced functional materials》2024,34(4):2305603
Articular cartilage is devoid of nerves and blood vessels, and its nutrients must be obtained from the joint fluid; therefore, its ability to repair itself is limited. Manufactured materials such as artificial cartilage or synthetic materials are typically used in traditional approaches for knee cartilage repair. However, durability, postimplant rejection, and tissue incompatibility are the problems associated with these materials. In recent decades, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have focused on the development of functional substitutes, particularly those based on naturally inspired biopolymers. This review focuses on sustainably produced biopolymers based on materials derived from natural sources. Furthermore, these materials have many advantages, including low antigenicity, biocompatibility, and degradability. Of course, there are also many challenges associated with natural materials, such as the lack of clinical studies and long-term follow-up data, unstable mechanical properties of the materials, and high demands placed on preparation and molding techniques. In this review, an overview of natural and nature-inspired polymers that are the subject of research to date, as well as their structural designs and product performances is provided. This review provides scientific guidance for enhancing the development of naturally inspired materials for treating cartilage injuries. 相似文献