民和盆地油页岩加热过程储集物性研究

为明确加热排烃对油页岩储集物性的影响,选择民和盆地未成熟油页岩为研究对象,经低温干馏,利用裂缝三维扫描、高压压汞、低温氮气吸附、X射线衍射等分析手段,对不同加温阶段的油页岩样品进行储集物性分析,进而揭示油页岩加热过程中储集物性的演化规律。结果表明,在低温加热阶段（185~350 ℃）,油页岩少量排烃,油水产率和半焦产率变化较小;中温加热阶段（350~475 ℃）,油页岩大量排烃,油水产率和半焦产率大幅度上升;高温加热阶段（475~520 ℃）,油页岩残余排烃,油水产率和半焦产率基本不发生变化。在油页岩的加热过程中,随加热温度上升,裂缝数量逐渐增多,微小裂缝逐渐加宽并延伸,进而相互沟通连接形成大裂缝,且裂缝主要发育在层理面,垂直层理面方向并未产生明显裂缝;油页岩比表面积逐渐增大,孔隙由微孔向大孔转变,并且随着油页岩大量排烃,部分大孔互相连接沟通形成微裂缝;油页岩半焦的吸附量随着相对压力和温度的升高而升高,黏土含量减小,伊蒙混层中的蒙脱石构造坍塌,逐渐向伊利石转化,矿物颗粒减小,导致泥岩中产生微裂缝,从而使泥岩的孔隙度和渗透率增加。     

Synthesis of highly stable PTFE-ZrP-PVA composite membrane for high-temperature direct methanol fuel cell

A composite membrane was synthesized by functionalizing the Polytetrafluoroethylene film with inorganic Zirconium Phosphate and polyvinyl alcohol. The hybrid method of pore infiltration and layer by layer coating was adopted to obtain the membrane. Hydrophilicity of the PTFE support was increased by chemical treatment. The proton conductivity of the membrane was increased considerably by using chemically treated hydrophilic support. The composition of ZrP and PVA in the solution (sol) was optimized with respect to methanol crossover and proton conductivity. The top view of the membrane surface morphology was observed by using SEM and EDX revealed the presence of 31.9% Zirconium and 26.44% Phosphate in the synthesized membrane. The membrane top layer functional groups were analyzed by FT-IR and the spectra confirm the incidence of functional groups related to ZrP and PVA. Thermal stability of the membrane was analyzed using TGA-DTA and it was stable up to 140 °C. The membrane was mechanically stabile with a mechanical strength of 44 MPa. The membrane possessed proton conductivity of 28.1 mS cm⁻¹ and low methanol permeability (14.5 × 10-7 cm² s⁻¹) at 80 °C.     

松原市城市总体规划中环境保护篇章编制研究

结合松原市环境保护面临的主要问题,对城市总体规划中环境保护篇章的编制重点进行了分析,并从确定环保目标、划分生态环境功能区、环保措施、污染控制等方面作了论述,对未来城市总体规划环境保护篇章的编制有一定的借鉴作用。     

地质类比法在坳陷盆地油页岩资源评价中的应用——以松辽盆地上白垩统为例

为了提高中低勘探程度盆地油页岩资源量预测的精度，把地质类比法引入油页岩资源量的估算中。结合松辽坳陷盆地油页岩发育特征，依据油页岩的成矿富集机制，优选主控油页岩生成富集的主要地质参数作为刻度区与预测区类比的相似系数；二态定性量化不同类型地质参数，求取预测区类比系数及分布函数；结合刻度区资源丰度分布函数，采用蒙特卡洛法组合抽样估算预测区油页岩资源量。结果表明：松辽盆地油页岩资源量在整个概率区间为77.123~22 810.142亿t，第1次“全国油页岩资源评价”油页岩资源量与概率为65%时相当，类比直乘法计算油页岩资源量与概率为61%时相当，相比第1次“全国油页岩资源评价”有所增加。因此，地质类比法能有效预测中低勘探程度盆地油页岩资源量。     

阳离子交换树脂催化合成双三羟甲基丙烷丙烯酸酯

以双三羟甲基丙烷、丙烯酸为原料,酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,甲苯为带水剂,通过酸醇酯化法合成了目标产物双三羟甲基丙烷丙烯酸酯。对阳离子树脂的催化活性进行了考察,同时确定了原料配比及带水剂用量等因素对产品酯化度的影响,并确定了双三羟甲基丙烷丙烯酸酯的最佳合成条件;采用红外光谱、液相色谱、质谱等方法对产物进行了定性分析。     

基于PLC的水井无线电台监控

介绍了无线SCADA技术在水厂中的应用,并着重介绍了基于PLC的水厂无线数传系统中关于水井无线电台监控的解决方案,且详细地介绍了整个工程的工艺概况和系统要求以及系统的硬件和软件结构等,系统硬件主要采用美国MDS公司的全数字无线数传电台MDS2710A和西门子公司的可编程控制器构建无线通讯和数据采集系统,软件采用点对多点半双工通讯模式.     

解吸实验中可溶盐与氟含量关系研究

土壤矿物成分、化学成分等可溶盐离子均对氟的解吸和迁移有一定的影响。为找到土壤中氟解吸、迁移过程中可溶盐与氟含量的关系,采用多组动态土柱法进行实验研究。实验采用电导率法来指示可溶盐的全盐量,通过回归分析总结出了电导率随解吸时间的变化规律以及它与氟离子浓度的关系。分析表明:在氟的解吸过程中,电导率与氟离子浓度呈抛物线关系,电导率对氟浓度有一定的指示作用。     

Morphology-controlled synthesis and growth mechanisms of branched α-MnO2 nanorods via facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal method

Multiple branched manganese oxide nanorods were obtained through the rapid one-step microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis by the reduction of potassium permanganate in hydrochloric acid solution without using any catalysts or surfactants. The formation mechanism of the branched α-MnO₂ was studied by systematically varying the reaction time, which were “oriented attachment” and rolling-cum-phase process. The electrochemical performance of the samples was examined by cyclic voltammetry. The specific surface area of the branched α-MnO₂ and the electrolyte in the solution were found to remarkably affect the specific capacitance. This microwave-assisted technique enables the quick and simple preparation of branched MnO₂ nanorods under mild conditions and maybe readily extended to the preparation of many other branched nanoparticles.     

A Hydrogel's Formation Device for Quick Analysis of Liquid Samples Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique has irreplaceable advantages in the field of detection due to its multi-phase specimen detection ability.The development of the LIBS technique for liquid analysis is obstructed by its inherent drawbacks like the surface ripples and extinction of emitted intensity,which make it unpractical.In this work,an in-situ hydrogel formation sampling device was designed and used the hydrogel as the detection phase of LIBS for Cu,Cr and Al in an aqueous solution.With the measured amount of resin placed in the device,the formed hydrogel could be obtained within 20 s after putting the device into water solution.The formed hydrogel could be directly analyzed by LIBS and reflect the elemental information of the water sample.The prominent performance made this hydrogel's formation device especially suitable for quick in-situ environmental liquid analysis using LIBS.     

王府断陷小城子气田火石岭组气藏天然气成藏模式及富集规律

松辽盆地王府断陷小城子气田具有上千亿立方米的天然气储量规模,其中,以上侏罗统火石岭组原生气藏的储量规模为最大。为了更有效地指导该区天然气勘探部署,从地层、构造、岩性—岩相和含气性等方面对该区火石岭组气藏的成藏特征和富集规律进行了研究,总结了天然气成藏模式。结果表明:(1)火石岭组气藏发育下部和上部两套含气层系,下部含气层系分布在粗安岩段上部,上部含气层系主要分布在流纹岩段;(2)流纹岩段最有利于天然气成藏,但天然气成藏的主体层段却在粗安岩段;(3)天然气主要富集在火山口杂岩相带,其次是火山斜坡相带;(4)山东屯构造带是天然气的主要富集区,在南北方向表现出分区性,主要包括3个成藏区,即X12井成藏区、X14井—X13井—X18井成藏区和X4井成藏区;(5)共有4种成藏模式,即反转背斜—地层成藏、断块成藏、岩性—断块成藏和断块—反转背斜—地层复合成藏,其中以断块成藏和岩性—断块成藏模式为主;(6)具有"断控—层控—体控"复合型天然气聚集规律。