Comparison of aromatic and phenolic compounds in cherry wines with different cherry cultivars by HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and HPLC

To compare the influence of cultivars on the production of aroma compounds and polyphenols, eight cherry varieties (six sweet and two sour) were fermented into cherry wines, and their compositions were analysed. Results showed that by headspace solid microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS), a total of twenty‐first aromatic compounds, mostly consisting of esters, acids, terpenoids and C₁₃‐norisoprenoids, were identified, and eleven polyphenols including five anthocyanins and six phenolic acids were quantified using HPLC. May Duck and Early Richmond wines contained significantly higher levels of phenolic acids (>42 mg L^?1) that were associated with high contents of chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids and also relatively high amounts of octanoic acid and β‐damascenone (odour activity values ≥1000). Hongdeng, Zhifuhong and Bing wines were characterised by higher concentrations of anthocyanins (>41 mg L^?1) and also relatively higher levels of isopentyl acetate. Lapins and Governer Wcod wines were distinguished by lower concentrations of polyphenols and relatively higher contents of ethyl 3‐methylbutanoate.     

N掺杂和氧空位对PbTiO3电子结构和导电性的影响研究

用第一性原理计算了P型N掺杂PbTiO3的电子密度差分、能带结构和态密度,讨论了氧空位对N掺杂PbTiO3性能的影响。在PbTiO3中掺杂N杂质后,PbTiO3的价带向高能级发生移动,费米能级进入价带顶部,带隙变窄,N掺杂PbTiO3表现出典型的P型半导体性能。当N掺杂PbTiO3中含有氧空位时,导带发生下移,受主被完全补偿。计算结果与实验数据相吻合。     

Chinese red pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) leaf extract as natural antioxidants in salted silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in dorsal and ventral muscles during processing

Chinese red pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) leaf (ZML) extract contains high amounts of phenolic compounds possessing high total antioxidant capacity and hydroxyl, 1, 1-dipheny-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. ZML extract was investigated as a natural antioxidant for the lipid stability of salted silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) throughout salting and drying. Both dorsal and ventral muscles were examined for differences in moisture content, salt content, total lipid content, and degree of lipid oxidation. The hexanal content, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value, and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in the ventral muscle were significantly higher than those of the dorsal muscle (p < 0.05). In the treatments with ZML extract, the hexanal content, the TBARS value, and the LOX activity were significantly lower (p < 0.05) during processing both in the dorsal and ventral muscles. The sensory qualities of processed salted fish could be improved with the amount of 0.030% extract in the dorsal muscle and 0.045% extract in the ventral muscle. These results showed that ZML extract can be a source of natural antioxidants and used as a food additive.     

软土-结构界面接触对大圆筒导堤力学响应的影响

采用改进剑桥弹塑性动力本构模型,考虑了结构与地基之间的界面接触效应,对循环波压力作用下软土地基与大圆筒结构物耦合系统进行了弹塑性有限元分析。     

Synthesis of the well-ordered hexagonal mesoporous silicate incorporated with phosphotungstic acid through a novel method and its catalytic performance on the oxidative desulfurization reaction

Well-ordered hexagonal mesoporous silicate (HMS) materials with various contents of phosphotungstic acid (HPW) were synthesized via an original direct synthesis method. The characterization results show that the samples have regular fingerprint-like mesopores and spherical morphology. Compared with the conventional wet impregnation method, the samples obtained by the original direct synthesis method have better HPW dispersion and larger specific surface area. Finally, the catalytic performance of these samples was tested through the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of DBT in the model oil. The results indicate that the direct synthesized samples exhibit better catalytic performance than the impregnated samples.     

带有不确定性多智能体系统的分散自适应协调控制(英文)

This paper is concerned with the leader-following consensus problem of a group of au-tonomous agents with unknown parameters and unmodeled bounded additive disturbances. Under the assumption that the topology graph has symmetric weights, distributed adaptive controllers are proposed to guarantee that each agent can follow the leader in the presence of bounded disturbances. For the dynamics without disturbances, the proposed dynamic controller ensures that the states of all agents track the leader’s state, and the errors of parameters eventually converge to the compact set which can be made as small as desired by an appropriate choice of the design parameters.     

Co‐inoculation of yeast and lactic acid bacteria to improve cherry wines sensory quality

This study examined the effect of co‐inoculation of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the chemical and sensory characteristics of cherry wines, in comparison with a traditional sequential culture. Three LABs were investigated, including two O. oeni (SG26 and Viniflora) and one L. plantarum (PL18). All co‐inoculations significantly shortened the fermentation time (average 8 days earlier) to reach a stable level of residual sugar (<2 g L^?1) and L‐malic acid (<0.5 g L^?1), and no inhibitory effect on the yeast proliferation was observed. For volatiles determined, co‐culture with SG26 produced the greatest amount of volatile components (138.5 mg L^?1), whereas sequential inoculation with PL18 had the lowest level (119.6 mg L^?1). PCA result revealed that different LABs had diverse influences on the volatile profile of cherry wines, and sensory analysis confirmed that these samples presented distinct sensory profiles, and particularly, a stronger note of fruity was perceived when co‐culture was used.     

卤水对碱性印染废水脱色处理的初步研究

采用含镁量高的废弃卤水处理碱性印染废水。考察了pH值、卤水投加量、温度、沉降时间对脱色率的影响。实验表明:废水的脱色率主要受pH值、卤水投加量的影响,温度也有一定的影响。pH11时脱色率可达98%以上。利用废弃的卤水对印染废水进行脱色处理具有实际应用前景。     

模糊数据挖掘在电子政务中的应用

文章首先介绍了数据挖掘技术和模糊数据挖掘技术,然后给出了模糊数据挖掘算法以及详细的模糊数据挖掘步骤,最后用一个具体实例证明了模糊数据挖掘在电子政务系统中的应用价值。     

粗糙集中的知识熵

从信息熵的角度对粗糙集理论进行研究，用熵理论的方法来讨论粗糙集中的一些基本概念，并从粗糙集的角度证明知识熵的一些性质，在知识熵与粗糙集理论之间建立映射关系，为寻找高效的决策规则建立了知识熵的基础。