超硬材料合成方法、结构性能、应用及发展现状

为了对超硬材料有更深入的了解,对以金刚石和立方氮化硼为主的超硬材料的合成方法、发展历程、结构与性能及应用领域进行了综述。金刚石的合成方法主要有静压触媒高压高温法、化学气相沉积法、动压爆炸法或爆轰法。经过几十年的发展,我国超硬材料制造技术和装备已经处于国际先进水平。超硬材料除了硬度高之外,还有许多优良的物理力学和化学性能,广泛应用于磨具、刀具、锯切、钻进等超硬材料工具和新型功能材料。     

生物质直燃发电大气污染物超低排放技术路线分析

总结了生物质燃料与煤的元素含量的差异,分析了生物质锅炉积灰、结渣、腐蚀的机理,梳理了生物质锅炉的烟气特点,并对选择性非催化还原脱硝技术、选择性催化还原脱硝技术、湿法脱硫技术在生物质电厂应用的局限性进行了讨论和总结。结果表明:固态高分子脱硝和催化剂脱硝脱硫均需特殊催化剂或脱硝剂,属于专利产品,运行成本高;氧化脱硝技术属于氧化吸收反应,产生易溶于水的硝酸盐,部分地区禁止采用该技术;陶瓷催化滤管一体化脱除技术运行维护简单,锅炉过氧燃烧可提高燃烧效率,延长空气预热器使用寿命,而且没有脱硫废水、烟囱防腐、白色烟羽等相关问题,适用于生物质锅炉硫、尘、硝超低排放。     

考虑分布式电源出力随机特性的配电网节点脆弱性评估

随着分布式电源的接入及配电网规模的不断扩大,配电网的安全性与可靠性面临挑战,配电网脆弱环节辨识问题亟待解决.考虑分布式电源出力随机性对配电网节点脆弱性的影响,建立基于拉丁超立方抽样的风电与光伏随机出力模型;基于复杂网络理论与配电网辐射状的拓扑条件提出改进节点度、改进介数等节点脆弱度指标;利用分布式电源随机出力模型的采样结果得到节点脆弱度指标的分布特性;提出基于样本修正权重的模糊综合评价方法,对考虑分布式电源出力随机性的配电网节点脆弱性进行分析.改进的IEEE 123节点系统算例结果验证了所提方法的可行性与有效性.     

Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase SmPHA4 Negatively Regulates the Biosynthesis of Tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, due to the pharmacological action of its active components such as the tanshinones. Plasma membrane (PM) H⁺-ATPase plays key roles in numerous physiological processes in plants. However, little is known about the PM H⁺-ATPase gene family in S. miltiorrhiza (Sm). Here, nine PM H⁺-ATPase isoforms were identified and named SmPHA1–SmPHA9. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the genetic distance of SmPHAs was relatively far in the S. miltiorrhiza PM H⁺-ATPase family. Moreover, the transmembrane structures were rich in SmPHA protein. In addition, SmPHA4 was found to be highly expressed in roots and flowers. HPLC revealed that accumulation of dihydrotanshinone (DT), cryptotanshinone (CT), and tanshinone I (TI) was significantly reduced in the SmPHA4-OE lines but was increased in the SmPHA4-RNAi lines, ranging from 2.54 to 3.52, 3.77 to 6.33, and 0.35 to 0.74 mg/g, respectively, suggesting that SmPHA4 is a candidate regulator of tanshinone metabolites. Moreover, qRT-PCR confirmed that the expression of tanshinone biosynthetic-related key enzymes was also upregulated in the SmPHA4-RNAi lines. In summary, this study highlighted PM H⁺-ATPase function and provided new insights into regulatory candidate genes for modulating secondary metabolism biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza.     

PAN/FPU Composite Nanofiber Membrane with Superhydrophobic and Superoleophobic Surface as a Filter Element for High-Efficiency Protective Masks

Recently, because of the outbreak of COVID-19, the demand for various types of filter elements in protective materials has increased globally. Furthermore, new requirements for the filtration performance of PM2.5 liquid (oil) particles have been put forward. In this work, Superhydrophobic and superoleophobic composite nanofibers with excellent filtration capacity for oil and salt particles are developed through the modification of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by fluoro-polyurethane (FPU) doping. The results show that the PAN/FPU composite nanofibers doped with 9 wt% FPU has a uniform fiber morphology with a diameter of 240 ± 30 nm. Compared to the pure PAN nanofibers, the water-based contact angle of PAN/FPU increases from 90 ± 5° to 151 ± 5°, and the oil-based contact angle increases from 58 ± 2° to 152 ± 3°. Importantly, at a high flow rate of 95 L min⁻¹, the filtration efficiency of the PAN/FPU nanofiber membrane for 0.3 µm oil particles increases from 92 ± 1% to 99.2 ± 0.1%. After cyclic loading, the filtration efficiency of 0.3 µm oil particles remains above 98%. Meanwhile, the filtration efficiency for 0.3 µm salt particles remains at 98.23 ± 0.1%. The PAN/FPU nanofiber membrane developed in this work is effective in applications and has good market prospects as a protective filtration material.     

3D Printing Conductive Composites with Poly(ionic liquid) as a Noncovalent Intermedia to Fabricate Carbon Circuits

In this study, a kind of imidazole type poly(ionic liquid) ([PEP-MIM]Cl) is synthesized, which can disperse carbon effectively. [PEP-MIM]Cl is used as an intermediate to coat carbon on the poly(acrylic acid)(PAA-co-MBA) via ion exchange to obtain conductive polymer composite (CPC). A series of characterizations are performed. Experiments show that carbon can be coated on the PAA-co-MBA uniformly, and compared with using carbon as filler, this method requires less carbon to achieve good conductive performance. The carbon layer on the polymer's surface is enriched via the swelling-shrinking properties of PAA-co-MBA according to the SEM images. Furthermore, in combination with 3D printing technology, PAA-co-MBA can be designed into different shapes to achieve various functions such as pressure-sensing element. Finally, a new type of CPC named carbon clad polymeric laminate (CCPL) is prepared by using the carbon coating method and 3D printing technology. It has the potential to replace copper clad laminate (CCL) and printed circuit board (PCB), to a certain extent. This technology expands the preparation method and application of the CPC such as flexible and wearable conductive fabrics.     

A dual-stimuli-responsive intelligent layered lanthanide hydroxide for application in information security and latent fingerprint identification

With the rapid changes in the field of information, the research and development of optical storage materials with high security and large storage capacity are particularly important in the development of contemporary society. However, conventional memory materials with static fluorescent outputs have the disadvantages of easy simulation and forgery, which limits their practical application in the protection of confidential information. In this research, a dual-stimuli-responsive intelligent fluorescent material based on Tb³⁺ and Eu³⁺ ions doped layered lanthanide hydroxide (LYH:Eu_xTb_1–xDPA) was fabricated, which can realize reversible multi-color luminescence conversion (from green to red) by varying the pH and temperature. Combined with the Morse code and security pattern, the multiple encryption and decryption of confidential information and anti-counterfeiting can also be realized. Therefore, the obtained intelligent fluorescent material has a great application prospect for information security. In addition, due to the excellent color tunability, the material can provide the possibility to obtain potential fingerprints with high contrast and no background interference on different color substrates. The unique dual-stimuli-responsive behavior of this material provides more ingenious design inspiration for the design of multi-color intelligent fluorescent devices.     

复杂金精矿“三连炉”火法捕金生产实践

采用富氧底吹"三连炉"造锍捕金工艺处理高砷锑复杂难处理金精矿,实现多金属高效回收。针对复杂金精矿火法处理工艺中金属收得率和工艺调控需求,结合生产实践总结了多种杂质元素分配行为与规律,优化了配矿中不同杂质元素含量,并对不同复杂金精矿在熔炼过程中的铜锍品位进行有针对性的调控,即高砷物料铜锍品位控制在65%,高铅物料铜锍品位控制在72%。可实现复杂难处理金精矿三连炉熔炼中铅、锌、砷、锑、铋、镍整体脱除率达98%以上,为黄金行业绿色冶炼及可持续发展提供参考。     

扫描速度对硼铸铁气缸套表面钨极氩弧硬化效果的影响

研究了钨极氩弧扫描速度对硼铸铁表面硬化效果的影响规律。结果表明：扫描速度增加,硬化层宽度、深度减小,而硬度提高,裂纹率增大；硬化层硬度沿层深的分布是从表及里由高而低,在过渡区下降缓慢；沿层宽的分布是层中心最高,向两侧逐渐降低,直至硼铸铁基体达到最低值；在保证不出现裂纹的条件下,硬化层表面的最高硬度值可达61．4HRC,硬化层最高显微硬度值可达1156．4HV0．1；硼铸铁材料采用氩弧热源淬火时,淬硬层与基体之间过渡区明显,硬化区组织为莱氏体,过渡区为马氏体、残余奥氏体和少量石墨。     

连续热镀锌工艺研究

在550～850℃和不同气体比例下进行热镀锌，采用单向弯曲对折试验分析镀锌工艺参数对镀层结合性能的影响；观察基体组织，分析基体再结晶情况。结果表明，还原温度在650℃以上，基体均发生了再结晶；随着还原温度和氢气比例的降低，基体与锌层的结合性能变差，当还原温度为600℃，氢气比例为5％时，镀层出现剥落，不符合性能要求。