基于Shannon熵的飞机交流发电机振动分析

飞机交流发电机是飞机关键部件之一,监测其健康状况具有重要意义。通过设计实验数据获取平台采集交流发电机在转速上升(从6000转/分到8500转/分)、平稳运行(7500转/分)及转速下降(8500转/分到6000转/分)三个阶段的振动信号,利用符号序列Shannon熵的计算方法以及符号化方法设定合适参数对振动信号进行了处理,得出了交流发电机在三个阶段的振动信号的Shannon熵;通过初步的分析表明,交流发电机在正常状态下三个阶段的Shannon熵都比较有规律的在一定范围内变化,一旦发生振动异常将会引起Shannon熵突变;经过分析讨论,Shannon熵的突变与否是可以用来反映交流发电机在机械方面是否存在故障隐患的。     

Coarse head pose estimation of construction equipment operators to formulate dynamic blind spots

Several hundred workers die in construction in the United States every year because equipment operators are unable to see their fellow workers during operation of their vehicle. In this paper we propose a step towards improving this situation by providing an automated method based on range imaging for estimating the coarse head orientation of a construction equipment operator. This research utilizes commercially-available low resolution range cameras to measure the continuously changing field-of-view (FOV) of an equipment operator in outdoor construction. This paper presents a methodology to measure so-called dynamic blind spot maps. The dynamic blind spot map is then projected on a known static equipment blind spot map that already exists to each construction vehicle. A robust computational coarse head pose estimation algorithm and results to three different pieces of construction equipment and multiple operators are presented. The developed method has the potential in automatically determining the spaces around vehicles that are currently not in the field-of-view of the vehicle operator thus providing eventually additional means and technology for improving safety in construction.     

基于单片机直接驱动段式LCD的驱动模块设计

提出并设计了一种基于单片机直接驱动段式LCD的驱动模块,使用简单的附加电路实现了对背极信号的有效控制。该电路与程序相配合,实现了偏置电压控制法,交流驱动信号的产生由背极信号与段极信号的配合形成,且交流驱动信号的直流分量的平均值为零。该驱动模块具有一般性,适用于需计数、计时、状态提示等LCD显示的电子类产品中。     

Photothermal radiometric detection and imaging of surface cracks

This paper discusses surface crack detection by photothermal radiometric imaging (PRI). In PRI, also called dynamic infrared scanning, a surface is scanned with a spot of heat. Imperfections are detected by radiometrically sensing changes in the surface temperature of a small area in the vicinity of this spot. In the work described, cracks narrower than 25 µm (0.001 in.) in a lightly rusted steel surface have been detected. Indiscrete scanning an amplitude modulated heating beam is moved in steps, remaining at each location long enough to measure amplitude and phase of the AC temperature. Incontinuous scanning a constant intensity heating beam is moved continuously while the temperature deviations are measured. This paper presents methods of calculating amplitude and phase of surface temperature for discrete scanning and instantaneous temperature for continuous scanning across a surface crack. For a steel surface scanned by a watt-level laser beam, predicted surface temperature deviations when crossing the crack are several degrees Celsius, with expected radiometrically detected power several orders of magnitude above the detector noise. In experiments performed, both techniques easily detected narrow cracks in a smooth, clean surface. Discolorations and pits, on the other hand, generate a disturbing type of surface noise. This noise was minimized by differential detection. Based on results obtained, continuously scanned PRI with a fan-type heating beam and array detection could become a viable way of mapping surface cracks at practical scanning speeds.     

基于ISP技术的交流伺服电机转子位置检测电路

介绍了基于ISP技术的交流伺服系统电机转子位置检测电路的设计和实现。该电路将所有的模块集成到一块高密度可编程器件中 ,提高了系统的稳定性 ;脉宽可调节的全数字四倍频电路和十二位可逆计数器保证了检测的精度 ;器件特性参数的一致性更有利于进行精确的轮廓控制     

CuCr25纳米晶化对真空电弧阴极斑点扩散的影响

采用氩气保护气氛高能球磨和真空热压技术制备了致密度大于98％的纳米晶CuCr25合金，并在真空室内进行击穿试验。采用扫描电镜对纳米晶和粗晶CuCr25合金阴极斑点蚀坑形貌进行观察。结果表明：粗晶CuCr25合金真空电弧阴极斑点扩散表现为原地重复燃烧或整体的跳跃式移动，且有选择地分布在Cr相。而纳米晶CuCr25合金由于晶粒细化（〈50nm），为电子发射提供了优越条件，阴极斑点的扩散表现为次级斑点的此起彼伏的准连续移动，击穿相均匀分布在整个阴极表面。     

基于机会约束的电动汽车充光储一体化充电站容量优化方法

针对电动汽车充电站建设运营成本高,土地利用率较低,功能单一的缺点,提出了电动汽车充光储一体化充电站的容量优化方法。考虑光伏出力及电动汽车充电负荷的不确定性,研究在不确定性环境下的容量配置问题,以保证优化方案的可靠性。基于机会约束规划,以建设运营成本最小为目标建立电动汽车充光储一体化充电站容量配置模型,通过序列运算理论将模型中含有随机变量的约束进行确定性转化,采用CPLEX作为模型的求解工具。算例验证了所提模型及方法的有效性。     

换流站交流滤波器用避雷器过电压仿真建模因素

对交流滤波器用避雷器开展准确的过电压仿真计算是其绝缘设计及稳定运行的基础。本文采用逐渐细化模型的建模方式,开展了滤波器投入和交流母线接地故障工况下的建模及仿真计算,分析了交流滤波器杂散参数、交流滤波器场内外线路的π型等效电路和交流滤波器保护策略中3种建模因素对交流滤波器用避雷器过电压仿真结果的影响。仿真结果表明:在上述工况下,考虑3种参数后与考虑前相比,避雷器过电压变化-4%~25%,电流下降36.2%~62%,吸收能量上升16%~214%,因此若在绝缘设计中不考虑上述因素,避雷器电压电流设计值将产生较大偏差,能量设计值会偏小,影响交流滤波器正常运行。     

特高压直流送端系统的运行约束及新能源消纳挑战研究

针对特高压直流工程投运后电网特性的变化,分析了电力系统安全、经济运行面临的挑战及可采取的对策。首先在简要介绍直流系统故障的基础上,分别针对有功回退引起的暂态功角稳定问题与无功冗余造成的暂态过电压问题进行了理论分析,并根据陕西电网仿真计算结果进一步说明直流投运后对运行灵活性的制约。然后分析了运行灵活性下降对新能源消纳造成的影响,讨论了提高新能源消纳能力的对策。最后对所讨论问题进行归纳总结,并提出了未来工作与研究的展望。     

张北柔性直流电网交流耗能装置运行特性仿真

为验证利用可控硅将大功率电阻快速投入交流系统的耗能装置能否在投运后安全可靠运行,从而解决张北柔直工程双极性接线故障状况下过负荷造成的线路和设备损毁问题,该工作通过PSCAD电磁暂态仿真软件建立了张北换流站交流耗能装置的电路模型;然后对耗能装置的运行特性进行了分析,并模拟了过剩风能与耗能装置分组投切时系统的电压电流;最后讨论了耗能装置故障状况对系统的影响。结果表明:耗能装置可以快速有效地消纳过剩功率,且当其故障时不会对系统造成威胁。可见交流耗能装置设计合理,可将其投运在柔性直流系统中。