一种采用纵向阻抗的变压器保护算法

针对变压器差动保护需要通过二次谐波等算法来识别励磁涌流的问题,在纵向阻抗保护原理的基础上提出一种基于故障序分量的变压器保护算法。利用故障序分量纵向阻抗在内部故障小于变压器漏阻抗,在外部故障、空载合闸大于变压器漏阻抗的特点,算法能够可靠识别故障区域。在变压器空载合闸时依据输电系统中稳定的阻抗关系,可以有效抵御励磁涌流的影响,使得保护算法在空载合闸时可靠不动作。同时考虑区外故障电流互感器可能发生的各种饱和情况,算法能够正确识别故障区域,具有较强的抗干扰能力。通过在PSCAD中进行仿真试验,结果表明算法不受电流互感器饱和、励磁涌流的影响,具备较强的可靠性和抗干扰能力,拥有良好的工程应用前景。     

Hydrochemical investigation on the clastic and carbonate aquifers of Kuwait

The field pH and contents of basic cations, anions, total alkalinity and other aqueous species have been measured in 89 groundwater samples collected from clastic sediments and carbonate aquifers of Kuwait. The mean molar ratio of Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ is 0.63 and 0.48 for the carbonate and clastic aquifers respectively, indicating that the groundwater of the carbonate aquifer is in equilibrium with calcite and dolomite, the calculated mean PCO₂ of the clastic and carbonate aquifers suggesting a deep closed environment system. The clastic aquifer is supersaturated with respect to calcite, aragonite, quartz and chalcedony, undersaturated to near-saturated with dolomite and undersaturated with respect to gypsum, anhydrite and halite, whereas the carbonate aquifer is supersaturated with respect to dolomite, calcite, aragonite and quartz but undersaturated with anhydrite, gypsum and halite. The salinity of both aquifers increases in the direction of flow. The water types are dominantly NaCl and Na₂SO₄ in the clastic aquifer and Na₂SO₄, CaSO₄ and NaCl in the carbonate aquifer. Electronic Publication     

无机结垢趋势预测技术在油田开采中的应用

在油田注水开发过程中结垢问题变得越来越严重,结垢造成了油田开采过程中大量的经济损失,尤其是低渗透油田损失更大,为了高效开发低渗透油田,应对油田水结垢进行科学预测并提出合理的防垢措施。本文首次对大庆龙虎泡油田水结垢进行了定性分析,在前人研究基础上利用经典溶液理论、离子缔合理论及多元非线性回归技术建立了地层无机结垢饱和度指数预测方程,编帛了预测软件PIOS1．0,应用该预测软件对大庆龙虎泡油田水进行了结垢预测。本工作结果表明,龙虎泡油田结垢主要是碳酸钙垢,含有少量硫酸钙垢,结垢最严惩区域,主要在油气井近井地带,与实际情况基本吻合。     

A refined nonlinear vibration absorber

Presented here is a theoretical study on how to use saturation phenomena to design nonlinear vibration absorbers and how to improve their stability and effective frequency bandwidth. The so-called original saturation control method uses 2 : 1 internal resonances and saturation phenomena to suppress steady-state vibrations of a dynamical system by connecting it to a second-order controller using quadratic position coupling terms, which do not really suppress vibration to zero as a linear vibration absorber does. However, a linear vibration absorber uses direct position feedbacks and splits one natural frequency of the original system into two and hence spill-over effects exist when the system is subjected to broad-band and/or transient excitations. Although a saturation controller does not split one natural frequency into two, one large-amplitude nonlinear solution coexists with a small-amplitude linear solution outside of the resonance area. Hence, the existence of spillover effects depends on initial conditions. A refined nonlinear vibration absorber is designed by using a quadratic velocity coupling term in the controller and adding a negative velocity feedback to the system. It is shown that the quadratic velocity coupling term enables a saturation controller to suppress system vibrations to zero. Moreover, the linear velocity feedback enhances the capability of suppressing transient vibrations and prevents the system from having the large-amplitude nonlinear response. Two equations describing the first-mode vibration of a stainless-steel beam and a saturation controller from the authors’ previous experimental work are used in this theoretical study. Both perturbation and direct numerical integration solutions are presented. Guidelines for designing nonlinear vibration absorbers are derived.     

Impact and options for boron diffusions in buried contact solar cells

Boron-diffused rear surfaces are used in place of an Al/Si alloy to form a back surface field (BSF) for single-sided buried contact (SSBC) cells. The findings are that a heavy boron diffusion over a large area can retain high bulk lifetime and have a low saturation current. SSBC solar cells that were made had the entire rear heavily boron diffused. These cells had open-circuit voltages of 650, 645, and 640 mV on 3 and 10 Ω cm p-type, and 100 Ω cm (rear junction) n-type, respectively.     

Effect of prestraining on Barkhausen noise vs. stress relation

Mild steel specimens were uniaxially strained in tension at strain levels varying from 0.5 to 10% followed by X-ray diffraction residual stress and Barkhausen noise (BN) measurements. After this tension and compression loading was applied to the specimens. BN measurements were carried out during the whole reloading sequence. These measurements showed that prestrain increased the tensile stress value at which the BN saturated. The linear range of the stress vs. BN curve shifted towards the tensile stress range as a function of prestrain. In the linear range the stress sensitivity remained unchanged despite the prestrain. The obtained stress vs. BN relation was used in the residual stress measurements of a welded tube segment. The residual stress values measured by the BN were compared to X-ray diffraction residual stress values. When the BN values were within the linear range of the stress vs. BN curve, the BN residual stress values agreed quite well with the X-ray diffraction residual stress values.     

基于通用DSP的视频编码器量化算法研究

通过构造合适的量化矩阵,实现了快速量化;同时,对不同的视频编码块类型,采用不同的量化策略,避免了统一量化引起的图像质量下降。实验结果表明：不仅提高了编码器在DSP上的量化效率,而且明显改善了编码图像的主,客观质量。     

大型汽轮机发电机的次同步振荡仿真

在阐明电力系统次同步振荡基本原理的基础上,建立了考虑主磁路饱和的同步发电机模型。通过saber进行时域仿真,对单机一无穷大系统在三相短路时的工况计算分析,并由此得到一些具有价值的结论。     

Rapid response in recovery time,humidity sensing behavior and magnetic properties of rare earth(Dy & Ho) doped Mn–Zn ceramics

In the present world, the development of room temperature humidity sensor materials has always been a very popular research field. Rare earth (RE) doped ferrites are considered as potential resistive humidity sensing material owing to its high remarkable surface morphology with high porosity. Recent studies have shown that ferrite ceramics have good response in recovery time and have excellent humidity sensing behavior. With this in mind, solution combustion synthesis was used to effectively prepare RE dysprosium (Dy³⁺) and holmium (Ho³⁺) doped Mn–Zn ferrite ceramics with the chemical formula Mn_0·5Zn_0.5Dy_xHo_yFe_2-xO4 (x = 0.005 to 0.03) (MZDHF) (where x, y = 0.0, 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025 and 0.03). The MZDHF XRD pattern revealed the purity of the samples without any secondary phase. The crystallite size MZDHF is in the nano range. Further, the calculated lattice parameter of MZDHF is found to be increasing with the RE content. The two prominent major absorption bands related to A-site and B-site were confirmed by FTIR spectra. The hysteresis loops of MZDHF are used to investigate the differences in magnetic properties with an Dy³⁺-Ho³⁺ concentration. The remanence magnetization, saturation magnetization, coercivity and anisotropy of the ferrites were determined. The saturation magnetization decreases with increase of Dy³⁺-Ho³⁺ concentration. The change in the surface resistance for all the samples was studied. Among all the samples, Mn_0·5Zn_0.5Dy_0.03Ho_0.03Fe_1·96O₄ composite has shown a drastic variation in resistance. And the corresponding sensing response for the same sample is found to be 99%. Along with this, the sample has shown a least hysteresis and good stability. Also, the Mn_0·5Zn_0.5Dy_0.03Ho_0.03Fe_1·96O₄ composite has shown a good timing behavior of 90 s and 18 s. The sensing mechanism for the prepared Mn_0·5Zn_0.5Dy_0.03Ho_0.03Fe_1·96O₄ composite was thoroughly discussed.     

用于防护级照射量实验室标准的薄壁球形电离室

本文介绍了一种可作为防护级照射量实验室标准的塑料薄壁球形电离室的设计和主要性能。该电离室容积为100cm~3;本底电流不大于1×10~(15)A;在33keV—1.25MeV 能区内的能量响应(以~(60)Coγ射线的响应归1)<±5%;在上述能区内,当照射量率为10mR/h时,校准因子的总不确定度(一倍标准差)估计为±0.9%,在近一年内的长期稳定性<±1.2%。该电离室于1987年 IAEA 关于次级标准实验室校准程序亚太地区比对研讨会期间与 IAEA 剂量实验室比对,在上述能区内与本实验室校准结果在1.2%内相符。