An analytic solution to the transient diffusion-reaction problem in particles dispersed in a slurry reactor

In this work, we present the solution of the equations that govern the reactant transport in a well mixed system that contains particles where diffusion and first-order reaction occur. The transport equations are coupled by an interfacial boundary condition that includes mass transfer resistance. The statement of the problem allows arbitrary time depending feed functions. The evaluation of the solution obtained by the Laplace method requires the solution of an eigenvalue problem. We discuss the evaluation of the solution, and typical results for three different feed functions: step, pulse and oscillatory functions are presented. The resulting equations are able to show the effect of internal and external mass transfer limitations on the particle and fluid concentrations and on kinetic experimental results.     

Modeling of fast pulse responses in the Multitrack: an advanced TAP reactor

A detailed transport model for the Multitrack setup, a TAP-like system, has been developed, which allows further analysis of adsorption, diffusion and catalysis phenomena. This includes the transport in the void part between the pulse valve and the reactor inlet. The effects of viscous flow and thermal transpiration, aspects that have not been studied in detail before for this type of setup, have been analyzed. A new expression for the modeling of the output signal is proposed depending on the positioning of the MS detector used in the study. The transport parameters of the model have been estimated by the analysis of the experimental pulse responses of the empty reactor system and the reactor charged with an inert packed bed. The proposed model reproduces the experimental pulse responses very well, and therefore can be extended to study systems with reacting or adsorbing beds by including the corresponding rate equations for the processes occurring in the bed of particles.     

程序控制流检测算法优化

暴露在太空辐射环境下的星载计算机,其电子元器件可能因受到高能带电粒子的轰击而造成硬件系统的瞬时故障,所以,需要使用容错技术来提高其可靠性。对一种面向硬件瞬时故障的纯软件控制流检测算法RSCFC(Relationship Signatures for Control Flow Checking)进行了有效的改进,通过对标签S进行分段编码,克服了原算法中存在的待加固程序的基本块总数受机器字长限制的问题,并给出了具体的计算证明。计算结果表明,如果机器字长为64位,那么改进后的算法在设定前提下能单层加固程序的最大基本块数可以超过218。与RSCFC相比,改进后的算法在加固基本块总数比较大的程序时,性能开销明显降低而且检错能力保持不变。     

医疗健康数据的模糊粗糙集规则挖掘方法研究

医疗健康数据通常属性较多,且存在连续型、离散型并存的混合数据,这在很大程度上限制了知识发现方法对医疗健康数据的挖掘效率。以模糊粗糙集理论为基础,研究混合数据上的分类规则挖掘方法,通过引入规则获取算法的泛化阈值,来控制获取规则集的大小和复杂程度,提高粗糙集知识发现方法在医疗健康数据上的分类效率。最后通过对比实验验证了该算法在医疗决策表上挖掘规则的有效性。     

基于混合PSO的高斯混合模型地形分类

提出了一种基于改进的混合粒子群优化(particle swarm optimization,PSO)算法的高斯混合模型地形分类方法。高斯混合模型的求解通常是使用期望最大化算法(expectation maximization,EM),然而EM算法易陷入局部最优,收敛速度不稳定且对初值敏感。因此引入混合PSO算法,并对其进行了一系列改进。实验结果表明:改进后的算法较其它优化算法提高了全局搜索能力和收敛速度,利用该算法求解高斯混合模型可以提高参数估计的精度,并且在户外场景图像的地形分类实验中所提出的地形分类方法也表现优良。     

Modification of zeolite surfaces by Grignard reagent

New microporous hybrid organic/inorganic materials were obtained by modification of zeolites using chlorination of their surface, followed by treatment with a Grignard reagent. Loading of butyl groups and retained crystallinity of ZSM-5 type zeolites was higher than for zeolites Y. In contrast to zeolites Y, the lattice parameters of zeolites ZSM-5 increased after surface modification. The obtained hybrid materials on the basis of high-silica zeolites possess a high degree of crystallinity at increased hydrophobicity.     

Mechanical,electrical and thermal performance of hybrid polyethylene-graphene nanoplatelets-polypyrrole composites: a comparative analysis of 3D printed and compression molded samples

ABSTRACT

The paper focuses on the investigation of the 3D printing of multi-functional composites using graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), polypyrrole (PPY) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). A holistic approach was performed and characterization methods to assess the properties of 3D printed composites and compared with those of compression molded composites and neat LLDPE to understand the factors affecting their performance. It has been noted that the 3D printed composites have superior mechanical and electrical properties than neat LLDPE, but slightly lower compared to those of compression molded composites having high packing density of fillers. The nominal increases were 13.2% (tensile strength), 31.9% (flexural strength), 29.4% (flexural modulus) and 24.7% (storage modulus).     

Integrating hybrid systems with existing thermal desalinationplants

In Gulf countries, most power plants are co-generation power desalting plants (CPDP) that generate electric energy and also produce fresh water through the desalination of seawater. This paper provides detailed technical and economical analyses to evaluate a new generation of dual purpose technology that includes the integration of reverse osmosis (RO) processes with existing thermal desalination processes and power generation (triple hybrid system) at Layyah plant, Sharjah, UAE. Hybridization of sweater reverse osmosis (SWRO) and the multi-stage flash (MSF) technology was considered to improve the performance of latter and reduce the cost of the produced water. Moreover, “idle” power in winter (seasonal surplus of unused power) was mainly utilized by RO to further reduce the cost of the hybrid system for six months of the year. Spinning reserve was also used to further reduce the cost of the proposed hybrid system. Integration ofthe three processes of MSF, MED, and RO desalination technologies could be made at different levels through which the resulting of water cost will depend on the selected configuration and the cost of materials of construction, equipment, membrane, energy, etc. Thus, the capital and annual operating costs were calculated for all potential alternatives for various plant capacities. It was found that for all plant capacities, integrated hybrid systems resulted in most cost effective solution. For example, at a capacity of 50 MIGD, the present worth of the cost was calculated to be 588.7, 443.2, and 380 million US$ for MSF, MED, and hybrid RO systems, respectively.     

DES_RSA及其混合算法的加密速度研究

为了在保证安全性的前提下提高大量数据加密的加密速度,本文通过DES和RSA算法的分析,针对DES算法密钥安全性差和RSA算法加密速度慢的问题,提出DES和RSA混合算法.对比DES和RSA两种算法加密所需时间,就RSA算法耗时长的问题,通过几种可行的大素数判定算法分析,提出改进的大素数判定算法.在保证安全性的前提下,将改进的大素数判定算法应用于RSA算法中,提升了加密速度.由于改进算法加密速度仍远差于DES算法,不适合大量数据加密.因此在兼顾安全性与加密速度的基础上,提出DES和RSA混合加密算法.经分析该算法综合了前两种算法的优点,是一种理想的加密算法.     

Effect of different oxygen species originating from the dissociation of O2, N2O and NO on the selectivity of the Pt-catalysed NH3 oxidation

An effect of oxygen species formed from O₂, N₂O and NO on the selectivity of the catalytic oxidation of ammonia was studied over a polycrystalline Pt catalyst using the temporal analysis of products (TAP) reactor. The transient experiments were performed in the temperature range between 773 and 1073 K in a sequential pulse mode with a time interval of 0.2 s between the pulses of the oxidant (O₂, N₂O and NO) and NH₃. In contrast to adsorbed oxygen species formed from NO, those from O₂ and N₂O reacted with ammonia yielding NO. It is suggested that the difference between these oxidising agents may be related to the different active sites for dissociation of O₂, N₂O and NO, where oxygen species of various Pt-O strength are formed. Weaker bound oxygen species, which are active for NO formation, originate from O₂ and N₂O rather than from NO. These species may be of bi-atomic nature.