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Rowan Paul J.; Cofta-Woerpel Ludmila; Mazas Carlos A.; Vidrine Jennifer Irvin; Reitzel Lorraine R.; Cinciripini Paul M.; Wetter David W. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,15(4):382
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) consists of assessing phenomena in real time in the natural environment. EMA allows for more fine-grained analyses of addictive behavior and minimizes threats to internal validity, such as recall biases and errors. However, because of the intensive monitoring involved in EMA, measurement reactivity is a concern. To test whether EMA with palmtop personal computers induces reactivity, the authors compared smoking-related outcomes between smokers using EMA and those not using EMA during a quit attempt. The use of no-EMA control groups has been rare in reactivity investigations to date. The EMA protocol included event-contingent assessments (smoking episodes, urge episodes) and random assessments. Outcomes included biologically confirmed abstinence and self-report measures of withdrawal, self-efficacy, motivation, affect, and temptations. Participants were smokers motivated to quit (N = 96). They were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: EMA for the week preceding a planned quit date, EMA for the week following the quit date, and no EMA. Abstinence rates did not differ between the groups at Day 7 or at Day 28 postcessation. For the 20 subscales assessed at each of 3 assessment times, there were significant differences between participants with and without EMA experience for 3 subscales at the 1st of 3 assessment times, and significant differences for 3 different subscales at the 3rd assessment time. These differences suggest some reactivity to EMA, although the inconsistent pattern across time indicates that further research is needed to definitively conclude that EMA induces reactivity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Relative merits of interval and entrainment conceptions of the internal clock were assessed within a common theoretical framework by 4 time-judgment experiments. The timing of tone onsets marking the beginning and ending of standard and comparison time intervals relative to a context rhythm were manipulated: onsets were on time, early, or late relative to the implied rhythm, and 2 distinct accuracy patterns emerged. A quadratic ending profile indicated best performance when the standard ended on time and worst performance when it was early or late, whereas a flat beginning profile (Experiments 1-3) indicated uniform performance for the 3 expectancy conditions. Only in Experiment 4, in which deviations from expected onset times were large, did significant effects of beginning times appear in time-discrimination thresholds and points of subjective equality. Findings are discussed in the context of theoretical assumptions about clock resetting, the representation of time, and independence of successive time intervals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Patrick Musonda 《Computational statistics & data analysis》2008,52(4):1942-1957
Second-order expressions for the asymptotic bias and variance of the log relative incidence estimator are derived for the self-controlled case series model in a simplified scenario. The dependence of the bias and variance on factors such as the relative incidence and ratio of risk to observation period are studied. Small-sample performance of the estimator in realistic scenarios is investigated using simulations. It is found that, in scenarios likely to arise in practice, asymptotic methods are valid for numbers of cases in excess of 20-50 depending on the ratio of the risk period to the observation period and on the relative incidence. The application of Monte Carlo methods to self-controlled case series analyses is also discussed. 相似文献
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陈代权 《小型微型计算机系统》1994,(6)
本文提出一种新的网络访问方式。它引入了同步时钟和令牌链,使得各点可共享一条通信数据线而访问控制电路却简单到仅用几个D触发器即可实现。它具有传统令牌方式所没有的一些优点。在通信量较少,速度要求不高的场合,其效果很好。文中讨论的一种应用方式。 相似文献
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对EDA技术的两种软件平台QuartusII和原有的MAX PlusII软件进行了比较,并利用QuartusII软件平台实现了电子钟系统的设计;该电子钟系统能精确计时并显示时间;有复位开关、设定开关和调整按钮可使系统复位及进行时间设定和调整。 相似文献
28.
Si—SiO2及其在电离辐照下的等离激元 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用XPS分析技术对抗辐射加固与非加固的Si-SiO2进行了电离辐照前后Si的一级等离激元(定位于B.E.116.95eV)及SiO2一级等离激元(定位于B.E.122.0eV)的研究。实验结果表明:存在一个由这两种等离激元组成的界面,在电离辐射的作用下,此界面区向SiO2表面方向展宽,界面中心向SiO2表面方向移动;两种Si-SiO2界面区中的SiO2一级等离激元的浓度在正电场中辐照均随辐照剂量的增加而增加,而非加固样品中一级等离激元浓度在正电场中随辐照剂量的变化所产生的变动快于加固样品;在同一辐照剂量下加正电样品中等离激元浓度的变化远明显于不加电样品。 相似文献
29.
在舰艇及编队指控系统中,来自不同平台的传感器探测系统偏差失配是影响态势一致性的关键因素。本文采用理论建模和数字仿真相结合的方法,对舰载雷达探测和处理涉及各环节的偏差进行分析,建立了雷达测量、坐标转换、平台定姿定位和基线转换等各环节偏差影响模型和舰载雷达探测的等效偏差模型。理论分析和计算机仿真结果表明,雷达方位测量、平台艏向和甲板艏向形变引起的偏差均可以直接迭加到方位上,合并为方位偏差;同时,在目标俯仰角小于10°的情况下,基本上可以忽略甲板形变、平台姿态偏差对目标方位测量的影响。 相似文献
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设计并实现了一种利用AT89S52单片机的数字时钟。使用时钟芯片产生时间脉冲,并以此脉冲信号作为数字时钟的基准时间信号。利用按键实现对日期、时间等参量的切换与调整,并通过液晶显示日期、时间等参量的当前值,同时具有整点报时功能。 相似文献