Medical students' and residents' gender bias in the diagnosis, treatment, and interpretation of coronary heart disease symptoms.

Two competing hypotheses explaining gender bias in cardiac care were tested. The first posits that women's coronary heart disease (CHD) symptoms are simply misinterpreted or discounted. The second posits that women's CHD symptoms are misinterpreted when presented in the context of stress. In two studies, medical students and residents randomized to 2 (male vs. female) × 2 (stress vs. nostress) experiments read vignettes of patients with CHD symptoms and indicated their diagnosis, treatment, and symptom origin interpretation. Both studies disconfirmed the first hypothesis and strongly supported the second. Only when stress was added did women receive significantly lower CHD diagnoses and cardiologist referrals than men and did the origin interpretation of women's CHD symptoms (e.g., chest pain) shift from organic to psychogenic. Neither participants' gender nor their attitude toward women influenced assessments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Coherence and Specificity of Information-Processing Biases in Depression and Social Phobia.

Research has not resolved whether depression is associated with a distinct information-processing bias, whether the content of the information-processing bias in depression is specific to themes of loss and sadness, or whether biases are consistent across the tasks most commonly used to assess attention and memory processing. In the present study, participants diagnosed with major depression, social phobia, or no Axis I disorder, completed several information-processing tasks assessing attention and memory for sad, socially threatening, physically threatening, and positive stimuli. As predicted, depressed participants exhibited specific biases for stimuli connoting sadness; social phobic participants did not evidence such specificity for threat stimuli. It is important to note that the different measures of bias in memory and attention were not systematically intercorrelated. Implications for the study of cognitive bias in depression, and for cognitive theory more broadly, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Guidelines for Expressing the Uncertainty of Measurement Results Containing Uncorrected Bias

This paper proposes a method to extend the current ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement to include the case of known, but uncorrected, measurement bias. It is strongly recommended that measurement results be corrected for bias, however in some situations this may not be practical, hence an extension of the Guide is proposed to address this special situation. The method keeps with the spirit of the Guide in maintaining the link between uncertainty and statistical confidence. Similarly, the method maintains the transferability of one uncertainty statement to be included as a component in another uncertainty analysis. The procedure involves modifying the calculation of the expanded uncertainty, allowing it to become asymmetric about the measurement value. The method is compared to other alternative procedures, and an illustration of how it affects tolerance zones is presented.     

SAW技术实现宽带扩频信号解扩解调的研究

采用EDA软件System View对直扩系统基带和中频段进行了仿真，实际信号的波形与仿真结果吻合。通过采用255位声表面波匹配滤波器实现了10Mbps的宽带直扩信号的实时解扩，延迟时间为25ps、相对带宽大于30％、插损小于50dB的SAW固定延迟线实现了中频相关峰延迟差分解调与解码。时钟抖动小于5ns。     

More Problems With Gap Closing Philosophy and Research.

Comments on Ceci and Papierno's article (see record 2005-01817-001) concerning advantaged and disadvantaged youth interventions. The author notes that while the article was more than welcome, the discussion was nevertheless still couched within a seriously culturally biased conceptual framework. Even though most psychologists accept this framework, it actually renders many ways of dealing with the problem of disadvantage invisible and undiscussable. The author uses an example inquiring into mothers' priorities in child rearing. Overall, the author feels that virtually all the interventions discussed by Ceci and Papierno are construed within--and designed to reward--what one might call a Western, middle-class mind-set and to reinforce its personal and social structural consequences through a self-fulfilling process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Technical Note: Bias and the Quantification of Stability

Research on bias in machine learning algorithms has generally been concerned with the impact of bias on predictive accuracy. We believe that there are other factors that should also play a role in the evaluation of bias. One such factor is the stability of the algorithm; in other words, the repeatability of the results. If we obtain two sets of data from the same phenomenon, with the same underlying probability distribution, then we would like our learning algorithm to induce approximately the same concepts from both sets of data. This paper introduces a method for quantifying stability, based on a measure of the agreement between concepts. We also discuss the relationships among stability, predictive accuracy, and bias.     

钢管煤矸石混凝土偏压柱折减系数的均匀设计试验研究

将均匀设计方法引入建筑结构试验,并就钢管煤矸石混凝土偏压柱折减系数的试验方案设计、承载力计算等问题探讨此方法的优越性,介绍它的实施过程。     

电力线载波通信系统的时钟恢复新技术

电力线载波通信（ PLC）系统中,由于信道的复杂性,信道频谱利用率一般很低。为了提高频谱利用率,目前常见的方法是通过正交频分复用（ OFDM）的多载波技术与高阶调制码型,如南奎斯特系统、超南奎斯特（ Fas-ter-than-Nyquist,FTN）系统[1-2]。由于频谱被压缩,时钟信息在频谱上的分量减少或是消失,导致传统的时钟恢复技术失败。由此提出了时钟恢复新技术,可以解决该问题。即使发射端的脉冲形成滤波器滚降系数趋近或逼近零时,也可以稳定地恢复接收码元中的时钟。通过仿真得出,改进的Gardner算法不仅可以用到传统的单载波系统,也可以用到这种频谱压缩后的系统。     

GPS模拟器导航电文关键参数生成

GPS信号模拟器的研制涉及到多项关键技术,其中导航电文的产生具有重要意义.该文分析了卫星电文的结构,在此基础上对遥测字和交接字、奇偶校验码、星钟的生成进行研究,利用摄动力方程及拉格朗日行星运行方程推导出星历参数并采用matlab仿真验证了其可行性.     

A two-fluid model for the normal-state properties of cuprate superconductors

We consider a two-dimensional metal with metallic layers of widthd separated by thick layers with a large dielectric constant ₂. Electronic states near the Fermi surface are renormalized so that their velocity increases significantly, as in the Lindhard model. In contrast, states removed from the FS are renormalized so that their velocity decreases, as described by the Gutzwiller theory. We suggest that these two types of states are decoupled, and can be described by a two-fluid model. The resistivity of the FS fluid, due to elastic scattering, becomes temperature-dependent, decreasing significantly atT=0 and actually vanishing as we approach the Mott transition. The increased velocity accounts for the small London penetration depth found in the superconducting state. This model can also account for the zero bias anomaly observed in some exotic superconductors.