中国高校教师对语法及明示性语法教学法所持的观念探究

语法教学在外语教学过程中的作用一直是引起语言学家和外语教师争议的问题，回顾外语教学的历史，人们不难看出，外语教学总是在赞成和反对语法教学这两种不同的观点中发展的（Thombury1989）。自上世纪90年代以来，以形式为中心的明示性语法教学被以意义为中心的暗示性语法教学所取代后，随着语法教学地位的恢复，以形式为中心的明示性语法教学大有复辟的趋势。而外语教师所固有的有关语言学习的观念、态度，教学经验和学习经验会自觉、不自觉地对课堂教学产生重要影响。他们在多大程度上接受不断涌现的教学观点，更新原有的观念都直接影响到课堂教学改革的效果。     

Importance of the triboemission process for tribochemical reaction

Chemical reactions under boundary lubrication conditions are distinct from those of thermochemical ones. Flash temperature is very short and holding in esteem the mechanically triggered chemistry and thermally triggered chemistry at the contact of asperities caused by the flash temperature effect, the following question arises. ‘Can this reaction initiation process be considered in terms of overcoming the activation energy by heat or by another form of energy’? The purpose of this paper is to discuss that question in terms of the hypothesis: The common denominator of tribochemical reactions is that they might be initiated by low-energy electrons. This is consistent with the negative-ion-radical action mechanism (NIRAM) approach assuming that tribochemical reactions are initiated by electrons in the energy-range of 1–4 eV. The hypothesis is also relevant to the next author's hypothesis saying that the intermediate reactive species of both tribochemical reactions and some heterogeneous catalytic reactions are produced by the same mechanism, governed by the NIRAM approach. The catalyst effect on a chemical reaction is to increase its rate. The reaction rate is further increased when the catalyst is under friction (tribocatysis). The primary objective of this work is to better understand mechanisms of tribochemical reactions and catalytic processes. To initiate thermochemical reactions, heat should be supplied. The same is due to heterogeneous catalytic reactions, however, the catalyst lowers the reaction activation energy. Even a very high calculated flash temperature is short lived, thus, it rather cannot initiate tribochemical reactions by heat. The present author assumes that flash temperature can be expressed in the form of the thermionic emission. Bearing this in mind, it is possible to hypothesize that heterogeneous catalytic reactions are also initiated by thermal electrons. Accordingly, the tribocatalytic process might be initiated and/or enhanced by triboelectrons. Important objective of this work is to better understand both tribochemical reactions and catalytic/tribocatalytic processes. Tribochemistry of simple environment friendly lubricant compounds and examples of water synthesis catalytic and tribocatalytic processes are presented and discussed.     

多孔并联分段低压输水系统的水力特性和控制

在详细分析多孔并联分段低压输水系统水力特性的基础上，建立了这一输水系统的非恒定流控制方程以及关闸和不关闸条件下的保水堰边界条件。应用所建立的数学模型对南水北调天津干线工程进行了数值模拟计算，得到了运行工况和检修工况下该输水系统的水力特性以及并联空间连通性对水力特性的影响，并提出相应的控制措施。本文还针对输水系统的水力特性，对单联分段低压输水单元的水力振荡方程进行了修正，推导出多孔并联分段输水单元的水流振荡方程和连通式保水堰自由水面的固有振荡频率公式，提出了消除水力共振、缓解输水单元水力振荡的控制条件，为工程设计和运行管理提供技术依据。     

A mechanical analysis of the plane strain channel-die compression test: friction effects in hot metal testing

An analytical model is first proposed for the determination of a friction-corrected flow stress in channel-die compression. A variational approach is then used for estimating the strain and strain-rate heterogeneities as well as the shape changes during deformation for two specimen geometries. The results are compared with finite element calculations. Results obtained from the two methods are in good agreement, except for the outer profiles of the deformed specimens. Finally, the various components of the powers involved in the deformation process are compared.     

基于Visual FoxPro中表复制技术的研究

表复制是国家计算机等级考试中常出现的考试内容.通过对VFP中多个命令的介绍,分别阐述了几种实现表复制的不同方法与技术.     

B/S多层模式下的数据输入的几种实现方法

本文介绍了在.NET开发环境下的几种数据输入的卖现方法,每种实现方法都有各自的特点,可用于不同方式下的数据输入。     

Power, approach, and inhibition.

This article examines how power influences behavior. Elevated power is associated with increased rewards and freedom and thereby activates approach-related tendencies. Reduced power is associated with increased threat, punishment, and social constraint and thereby activates inhibition-related tendencies. The authors derive predictions from recent theorizing about approach and inhibition and review relevant evidence. Specifically, power is associated with (a) positive affect, (b) attention to rewards, (c) automatic information processing, and (d) disinhibited behavior. In contrast, reduced power is associated with (a) negative affect; (b) attention to threat, punishment, others' interests, and those features of the self that are relevant to others' goals; (c) controlled information processing; and (d) inhibited social behavior. The potential moderators and consequences of these power-related behavioral patterns are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

The functional hypothesis: A family systems contribution toward an understanding of the healing process of the common factors.

In this article, the authors link a central organizing concept and process, The Functional Hypothesis, to the literature on metatheoretical approaches to the psychotherapy process. The Functional Hypothesis is presented as a central thread that runs through all family systems models, the employment of which contributes to successful therapeutic outcomes. The Functional Hypothesis is linked to the literature on client factors in emotional healing and is posited as the creative catalyst for the dynamics of the Common Factors. A Case Example is included, exemplifying the metatheoretical Internal Family Systems Therapy model which operationalizes therapeutic work with the Functional Hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

脉冲激光测距机光轴平行性的自动检测研究

通过采用一种红外探测转换器件配合CCD采集系统,可有效捕捉到脉冲激光测距机的激光光斑,经程序自动判别激光光斑的中心点坐标,可实现脉冲激光测距机白光瞄准轴和激光发射轴的光轴平行性检测。     

板料冲压成形有限元反向分析中初始解确定方法的研究概况

初始解的确定是板料冲压成形有限元反向分析中的一个重要环节，初始解的好坏严重影响分析计算的速度以及求解的收敛性。本文就国内外关于反向分析中的初始解确定方法进行了综述和分析。