Tree-Based Concurrency Control in Distributed Groupware

We present a novel algorithm, called dARB, forsolving the concurrency control problem indistributed collaborative applications. Themain issue of concurrency control is resolvingthe conflicts resulting from simultaneousactions of multiple users. The algorithmreduces the need for manual conflict resolutionby using a distributed arbitration scheme. Themain advantages of our approach are thesimplicity of use and good responsiveness, asthere are no lock mechanisms. Our algorithmrequires the applications to use a tree as theinternal data structure. This makes itapplication independent and suitable forgeneral collaborative applications. The treerequirement is reasonable since many newapplications use XML (extensible MarkupLanguage) for data representation and exchange,and parsing XML documents results in treestructures. Example applications of thealgorithm, a group text editor and acollaborative 3D virtual environment calledcWorld, are implemented and evaluated in theDISCIPLE collaboration framework. We alsointroduce awareness widgets that users avoidgenerating the conflicting events and help inmanual conflict resolution.     

Centum-CS系统组态调试及维护

简要介绍了在洛阳石油化工总厂广泛使用的日本横河公司Centum—CS控制系统的组成，着重讨论了系统组态调试经验，以及日常维护和故障的分析判断处理。     

MHD simulation of high-current subsonic vacuum arc under different distributed axial magnetic fields

Based on two-temperature magnetic hydrodynamic (MHD) model, the influence of saddle-shaped distributed axial magnetic field (AMF, linearly increases along radial position) and bell-shaped distributed AMF (linearly decreases along radial position) on plasma loss and heat flux density to anode in subsonic high-current vacuum arc (HCVA) is simulated and analyzed. According to the simulation results, the saddle-shaped AMF can more effectively inhibit plasma loss from arc column than that of bell-shaped AMF. Comparisons between simulation results and experimental results further verify the correctness of model and simulation.     

Strategic appraisal of energy models for Mozambique

The needs that an energy supply system must meet are constantly changing, due to technological, social and political reasons. Effective energy planning is a dynamic process that is repeated periodically and adjusts to changing conditions. Energy decision makers and planners are no longer able to rely on inductive decision making since they have to investigate the effect of various decision parameters and possible future changes. To help in this process, models have been developed where estimates of future load growth, candidate power plants, fuels and other key factors can be introduced, from which the planners can evaluate decision parameters and the available alternatives. The paper presents the different methodologies and practices that are used by 11 energy models for energy demand forecasting, supply side management and generation expansion planning, demand side management and integrated resource planning. The paper concludes to the presentation of a strategic appraisal of the examined energy models appropriate for energy planning in Mozambique. Three models are proposed for conducting demand forecasting, generation expansion planning and demand side management. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Proactive resource allocation for asynchronous real-time distributed systems in the presence of processor failures

We present two proactive resource allocation algorithms, RBA^*-FT and OBA-FT, for fault-tolerant asynchronous real-time distributed systems. The algorithms consider an application model where task timeliness is specified by Jensen's benefit functions and the anticipated application workload during future time intervals is described by adaptation functions. In addition, we assume that reliability functions of processors are available a priori. Given these models, our objective is to maximize aggregate task benefit and minimize aggregate missed deadline ratio in the presence of processor failures. Since determining the optimal solution is computationally intractable, the algorithms heuristically compute sub-optimal resource allocations, but in polynomial time. Experimental results reveal that RBA^*-FT and OBA-FT outperform their non-fault-tolerant counterparts in the presence of processor failures. Furthermore, RBA^*-FT performs better than OBA-FT, although OBA-FT incurs better worst-case and amortized computational costs. Finally, we observe that both algorithms robustly withstand errors in the estimation of anticipated failures.     

奥里油在电力工业的应用及环保处理

委内瑞拉富藏奥里油约469亿t，中国政府与委内瑞拉政府签订了合作生产和供应每年650万t奥里油的合作协议。介绍了奥里油的特性和在全球以及中国的应用情况，分析了奥里油燃烧发电带来的特殊的环保问题和处理方法。     

Cognitive Operations in the Generation Effect on a Recall Test: Role of Aging and Divided Attention.

Generation effect (generated words are better memorized than read words) of anagrams, rhymes, and associates of target words was examined in young, elderly, and very old subjects. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that only young subjects benefit from the generation effect in a free-recall test when the rule is of a phonological nature. Experiments 3, 4, and 5 showed that the generation effect of rhymes was due to a resources-dependent self-initiated process. Experiments 4 and 5 showed that in a divided-attention situation, generation effect of rhymes is not significant in young subjects, but that the generation effect of semantic associates remains significant for both groups (Experiment 5). The results are discussed within the environmental support framework and the transfer-appropriate processing framework. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

陈村水电站水调自动化系统的建设及应用

陈村水电站在电网的调峰、调频中起着重要的作用,同时水库也面临着防洪、灌溉等任务。为改善陈村水库防洪调度手段,充分挖掘水库调度潜力,提高发电和防洪效益,在原有洪水预报系统的基础上,建立了陈村电厂水库调度自动化系统。该系统集成了洪水预报、水库调度、发电优化、数据整编等各方面功能,并可进行梯级电站联合调度。     

基于RS485总线的面粉厂集散控制系统

概述了面粉厂的基本状况及技术要求，详细介绍了面粉厂控制系统的控制方案及设计方法。给出了基于RS485总线集散控制系统的硬件配置和软件设计。系统实际应用表明，该方法为实现低成本的网络控制系统提供了一个实例。     

MAX6625型温度传感器的原理及应用

MAX6625是美国Maxim公司生产的一种新型智能温度传感器,它在风扇控制、温度告警、系统温度测量及工业设备中得到了广泛应用.介绍MAX6625的功能和结构,分析MAX6625的工作原理,给出采用MAX6625进行温度测控的电路及编程.