钛合金动态本构模型参数敏感度分析及识别方法

为分析钛合金动态本构模型参数的敏感度,克服了传统单因素分析法的弊端,采用拉丁超立方抽样方法在整个参数空间中抽样,利用非参数统计方法中的Spearman秩相关分析法对本构参数随机输入样本集与其对应的目标函数输出结果集作相关性分析。建立了用Spearman秩相关系数等效求解参数敏感度的表达式,进而实现了参数敏感度的整体性分析,提高了参数敏感度分析结果的可靠性。基于参数敏感度分析结果,为减少本构模型参数识别的计算量,快速、精确、可靠地搜索最优解,本文建立了基于改进小生境算法、可疑峰值点判断策略和局域精确搜索技术的改进遗传算法。该方法克服了基本遗传算法存在的无法同时满足精度、可靠性和节省计算时间的缺陷,避免了容易产生早熟现象,增强了局部寻优能力。数值计算结果表明：本文提出的方法显著提高了遗传算法的全局搜索能力且计算精度高。本文提出的参数敏感度整体性分析方法和改进遗传算法不仅能很好地实现钛合金的动态本构参数识别,而且对其它工程材料本构参数的高精度识别具有重要参考价值。     

Microstructural characterization of Cu/Al composites and effect of cooling rate at the Cu/Al interfacial region

Cu/Al composites are of vital importance in industrial applications because of their numerous advantages. The influence of bond-ing temperature and cooling rate on the microstructure and morphology of ...     

A free-cutting and ductile CuAlMnZnTiB shape memory alloy

The mechanical properties and cutting performance of the designed Cu Al Mn Zn Ti B shape memory alloy were studied by tensile test and microstructure observation. Using X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and semi-quantitative shape memory effect test, the microstructure and shape memory effect were analyzed. It is found that lots of βphase and few α phase are formed in the quenching of Cu-7.5Al-9.7Mn-3.4Zn-0.3Ti-0.14B(mass fraction, %) alloy, a great deal of martensite and few α phase are formed in the aging alloy, while the annealing alloy is composed of a great deal of α phase and few βphase. The tensile strength and elongation of the annealed alloy are 649 MPa and 17.1%, respectively. Some tiny and dispersion distributed second phase particles are generated in Ti and B precipitates, greatly improving the alloy machinability.     

Effect of electromagnetic and ultrasonic cast rolling on microstructure and properties of 1050 aluminum substrate for presensitized plate

The 1050 aluminum alloy strip was prepared by means of electromagnetic and ultrasonic cast rolling on the modified asymmetric twin roll caster, and then the aluminum substrate for presensitized plate was prepared through cold rolling and annealing.The effects of electromagnetic and ultrasonic cast rolling on microstructure, mechanical properties, surface roughness and electrolytic corrosion properties of 1050 aluminum substrate were studied. The results show that electromagnetic and ultrasonic cast rolling can decrease the average crystallite size of aluminum substrate by 5 μm, increase the crystal boundaries with uniform distribution, and make the second-phase particles with smaller size distributed dispersively in the substrate, meanwhile, it can increase the tensile strength, elongation and micro-hardness by 4.58%, 9.85% and HV 2, respectively, reduce the surface roughness, make the surface appearance more even, electrolytic corrosion polarization curve of aluminum substrate more smooth and the surface corrosion pits with regular shape more dispersive.     

Modified Layer-Removal Method for Measurement of Residual Stress in Pre-stretched Aluminium Alloy Plate

Residual stress is one of the factors affecting the machining deformation of monolithic structure parts in the aviation industry. Thus,the studies on machining deformation rules induced by residual stresses largely depend on correctly and efficiently measuring the residual stresses of workpieces. A modified layer-removal method is proposed to measure residual stress by analysing the characteristics of a traditional layer-removal method. The coefficients of strain release are then deduced according to the simulation results using the finite element method( FEM). Moreover,the residual stress in a 7075T651 aluminium alloy plate is measured using the proposed method,and the results are then analyzed and compared with the data obtained by the traditional methods. The analysis indicates that the modified layer-removal method is effective and practical for measuring the residual stress distribution in pre-stretched aluminium alloy plates.     

盐酸羟胺改性柚皮吸附剂的制备及对Cu~(2+)吸附性的研究

用盐酸羟胺改性柚子皮制备一种新型的生物质吸附剂,通过模拟废水吸附试验研究了其对Cu~(2+)的去除效果。从模拟废水的pH、吸附时间、吸附剂用量和反应温度4个方面分别考察了改性柚子皮吸附剂对铜离子去除的影响。以溶液的吸光度和电导率来表征吸附性能。实验结果表明:吸附反应时间、吸附剂加入量、反应温度和模拟废水的pH等4个因素对吸附剂性能均有明显影响,其中当Cu~(2+)的初始质量浓度为100mg/L,温度为35℃,溶液pH=4,吸附剂质量为吸附剂/吸附质质量的15%,吸附时间为25min时,吸附率最高。     

大尺寸非晶合金的制备方法及性能研究

目前大尺寸非晶合金材料的相关研究甚少,为完善大尺寸非晶合金的理论研究和制备方法,促进其快速发展,介绍大尺寸非晶合金的发展历程,详细阐述各种制备大尺寸非晶合金方法的原理及特点,综述大尺寸非晶合金的性能特点及应用现状。     

硼铁合金中硼、硅、铝含量分析方法的研究

通过对硼铁合金中硼、硅和铝含量分析方法的研究,开展了试样溶解(熔融)条件的选择、仪器工作条件的确定、校准曲线的选择和干扰元素的消除等条件实验;进行了对照实验、准确度和精密度等实验,本法采用碱熔融分解试样,选用铁基体加入标准溶液为校准曲线,在不需要加入内标元素的条件下,可以直接应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析技术测定硼铁合金中硼、硅和铝的含量;本法试剂加入少,操作简便,可实用于生产检验,相对标准偏差为0.5%~5.0%。     

铝合金电阻点焊预压接触分析

为了探究铝合金电阻点焊的接触压力分布及初始导电区域,利用ABAQUS软件建立球面形电极条件下的预压接触二维轴对称有限元模型并对模型施加不同的电极压力.在可视化模块中得到了各个接触面上接触压力随载荷变化曲线、电极上的轴力分布云图及工件内的有效塑性应变云图.有限元分析结果表明,各接触面上的接触压力分布是不均匀的,电极-工件间的接触压力受电极球形端面轴向应力分布影响;工件间接触压力与材料所处状态有关;随着电极压力的增大,工件间接触半径呈线性增长.说明电阻点焊时可以通过选取不同截面的电极来改善接触压力的分布,进而改变初始导电区域的大小.     

铜电极表面硝酸盐电化学还原机理研究

目前地表水受到严重氮污染,其中以离子态硝酸盐为主。实验利用线性扫描伏安法与恒电位电解法,研究了铜电极表面硝酸盐电化学还原产物与反应机理。结果表明,硝酸盐的还原产物取决于外加电位。铜电极上硝酸盐的吸附从-0.6 V(以汞/氧化汞电极为参比)开始,-0.8~-1.0 V之间硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐,该反应为整个硝酸盐还原过程的速控步骤;理想产物氮气主要在-1.0~-1.2 V之间生成;-1.2~-1.4 V之间主要还原产物为氨氮。随着电势降低,反应速率增大,对副产物氨氮的选择性也升高。