气相聚合流化床内静电与结片现象的研究进展

综述了气相聚合流化床内静电及结片现象的研究进展,对流化床内结片现象进行了描述,将静电与流化床的壁面结片现象关联,并从流化床流体力学行为与静电生成速率的关系出发对静电的生成机理进行了论述。通过对流化床内静电分布分析,确定了流化床内静电积累和消散的位置。提出了流化床内静电检测、静电产生机理、静电信号与工业流化床中结片现象关联等有待继续研究的方向和领域。     

Constraints on benthic algal response to nutrient addition in oligotrophic mountain rivers

Nutrient availability has long been considered one of the most important factors regulating production of benthic algae in oligotrophic rivers; yet, empirical relationships do not have as wide an application as similar models derived for lentic systems. The aim of this research was to derive empirical relationships between nutrient concentrations and benthic algal abundance and to identify commonalities with other studies to improve our understanding of constraints on algae in oligotrophic rivers. Surveys of physical, chemical and biological attributes of oligotrophic mountain rivers in spring, summer and autumn for 2 years confirmed that small amounts of anthropogenic phosphorus (0.1–5.6 µg/L total phosphorus (TP)) resulted in 4‐ to 30‐fold increases in abundance of benthic algae and benthic macroinvertebrates (BMIs). Algal accrual along a gradient in nutrient availability was not masked by grazing pressure but was positively correlated with abundance of scrapers. Epilithic abundance was highest downstream of anthropogenic nutrient sources in autumn. We concluded that benthic algal abundance in these mountain rivers was weakly correlated with phosphorus availability if light was not limiting but ultimately controlled by temperature and river discharge. Therefore, we recommend more direct measures of nutrient limitation be used to predict changes in ecological integrity at the lower end of the resource gradient. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

External and internal electrostatic potentials of cholinesterase models

The electrostatic potentials for the three-dimensional structures of cholinesterases from various species were calculated, using the Delphi algorithm, on the basis of the Poisson–Boltzmann equation. We used structures for Torpedo californica and mouse acetylcholinesterase, and built homology models of the human, Bungarus fasciatus, and Drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterases and human butyrylcholinesterase. All these structures reveal a negative external surface potential, in the area around the entrance to the active-site gorge, that becomes more negative as the rim of the gorge is approached. Moreover, in all cases, the potential becomes increasingly more negative along the central axis running down the gorge, and is largest at the base of the gorge, near the active site. Ten key acidic residues conserved in the sequence alignments of AChE from various species, both in the surface area near the entrance of the active-site gorge and at its base, appear to be primarily responsible for these potentials. The potentials are highly correlated among the structures examined, down to sequence identities as low as 35%. This indicates that they are a conserved property of the cholinesterase family, could serve to attract the positively charged substrate into and down the gorge to the active site, and may play other roles important for cholinesterase function.     

Synthesis of nanophase tungsten carbide by electrical discharge machining

Tungsten carbide nanopowders were synthesized successfully by electric discharge machining followed by annealing under a nitrogen atmosphere. The tungsten workpieces were initially melted and evaporated on the working surface during the electric discharge machining process, and then the tungsten powders were reacted with the carbon electrode and the working medium of kerosene to form the nanocrystalline WC_1−x powders. The powders produced were characterized by XRD, SEM, and TEM. When annealing the powders under an N₂ atmosphere, the cubic phases of WC_1−x gradually changed to hexagonal W₂C and then were transformed fully to nanocrystalline hexagonal WC at 1200 °C, with the nanocrystalline tungsten carbide encapsulated in a carbon shell. On the other hand, under an H₂ atmosphere, the WC_1−x phase changed via a W₂C phase to reduced powders of pure tungsten at 1000 °C or were reduced directly from WC_1−x to elemental W.     

Pore‐free mold‐pattern‐transfer method for barrier ribs of HD PDPs

Abstract— Among various barrier‐rib manufacturing processes, the mold‐pattern‐transfer method has potential to reduce processing cost as well as the manufacture of high‐resolution pixels. In this study, the effects of major processing variables of the mold‐pattern‐transfer process on the formation of air‐trapped pores within barrier ribs were examined. The results indicated that with an optimum combination of the processing variables, barrier ribs without trapped defects can be produced, demonstrating the possibility of reducing the number of processing steps and costs of barrier ribs.     

焦化生产废水零排放的探索与实践

对焦化厂生产废水的来源及污染指标进行了分析,介绍了金马焦化公司废水的净化处理、回收循环利用,以及实现焦化厂生产废水零排放,提高资源利用率的探索与实践.     

The result of a wall failure in-pile experiment under the EAGLE project

The WF (wall failure) test of the EAGLE program, in which 2 kg of uranium dioxide fuel-pins were melted by nuclear heating, was successfully conducted in the IGR (Impulse Graphite Reactor) of NNC/Kazakhstan. In this test, a 3 mm-thick stainless steel (SS) wall structure was placed between fuel pins and a 10 mm-thick sodium-filled channel (sodium gap). During the transient, fuel pins were heated, which led to the formation of a fuel-steel mixture pool. Under the transient nuclear heating condition, the SS wall was strongly heated by the molten pool, leading to wall failure. The time needed for fuel penetration into the sodium-filled gap was very short (less than 1 s after the pool formation). The result suggests that molten core materials formed in hypothetical LMFBR core disruptive accidents have a certain potential to destroy SS-wall boundaries early in the accident phase, thereby providing fuel escape paths from the core region. The early establishment of such fuel escape paths is regarded as a favorable characteristic in eliminating the possibility of severe re-criticality events. A preliminary interpretation on the WF test results is presented in this paper.     

河道生产堤对洪水影响的二维数值模拟研究

河道主槽两侧修建的生产堤影响滩槽泥沙横向交换,对河床演变带来很大影响。本文针对黄河下游游荡型河段的现实状况,采用平面二维水沙数学模型按现状生产堤、废除生产堤、限制生产堤三种条件进行了典型洪水的模拟,模拟计算给出了夹河滩-高村河段不同边界洪水演进、漫滩的过程及滩区淹没程度。作者分析了三种不同边界条件对洪水水位、河段流速、滩槽冲淤的影响,表明废除生产堤使洪水提前进滩,与现状生产堤状态相比大大降低了河道洪水位;限制生产堤方案可以适当控制漫滩流量,扩大滩槽泥沙横向交换,改善滩区生产条件。为了维持黄河河槽活力,协调人河关系,抑制二级悬河发展,限制下游河道生产堤治理方案是比较适宜的。     

岩石液压致裂中几个问题的研究

论证了流体压力变化与岩石强度变化之间的关系，阐述了流体保持与释放的应力条件和构造环境，总结了两种围岩下的液压致裂模型及其流量方程。