埋地管道开挖边坡有限元法优化设计

在埋地管道输水方案中,沟槽开挖坡比的大小直接影响施工安全、管材安装质量及工程投资与经济效益,因此,合理设计开挖坡比具有重大意义。以阜城—景县输水管道工程为工程背景,根据给定工程地质,基于有限元强度折减法,以ANSYS软件为计算工具,对沟槽开挖边坡进行安全稳定性计算。通过计算假定开挖坡比的边坡稳定性,获得不同开挖坡比下的沟槽边坡达到破坏时的安全系数,再根据选取的最优安全系数,确定最优开挖边坡。同时,基于上述方法,计算分析了开挖坡比与边坡安全系数的非线性关系,根据计算结果得出了有益结论与意见。     

五元系数法-改进熵权法在水质评价中的应用

为了使水质监测值和水体划类标准值之间关系更紧密,利用五元联系数方法建立了各水质评价指标与评价标准的五元联系数;同时在传统熵权计算的基础上,采用秩比法设定偏好校正系数,得到改进的熵权重;最后将五元联系数ui和改进的熵权重WRi相结合获得五元综合联系度,据此对水质进行评价,这是一种主客观结合的、符合实际情况的水质评价新方法。以贵州贵阳市河流断面监测数据为例,评定样本点所在河段水质等级,分析了该河流水质变化趋势,验证了五元系数法-改进熵权法水质评价方法的实用性。     

Development of a noise prediction software NASEFA and its application in medium-to-high frequency ranges

For the analysis of noise problems in medium-to-high frequency ranges, the energy flow boundary element method (EFBEM) has been studied. EFBEM is numerical analysis method of energy flow analysis (EFA), and solves energy governing equations using a boundary element method in complex structures. Based on EFBEM, a noise prediction software, “noise analysis system by energy flow analysis” (NASEFA), was developed. For effective maintenance, NASEFA is composed of three main modules: the translator, the model converter, and the main solver. The translator changes the FE model to the NASEFA BE model, and the model converter changes the BE model to an EFBE model, including various data, such as structural materials, medium properties, sources, and boundary conditions. NASEFA then solves the acoustic energy density and intensity on boundary and in the field. Moreover, it analyzes interior and exterior noise problems for single and multiple domains in two and three dimensions. Finally, for the validation of the software developed, interior and exterior noise predictions of various structures were performed. The results obtained with NASEFA were compared with those of the commercial SEA program and experiment. From these comparative studies, the usefulness of NASEFA was established.     

Simultaneous optimization of photostrictive actuator locations,numbers and light intensities for structural shape control using hierarchical genetic algorithm

The present paper introduces an investigation into simultaneous optimization of the PbLaZrTi-based actuator configuration and corresponding applied light intensity for morphing beam structural shapes. A finite element formulation for multiphysics analysis of coupled opto-electro-thermo-mechanical fields in PbLaZrTi ceramics is derived and verified with the theoretical solution and the commercial software ANSYS. This element is then used to simulate beam bending shape control using the orthotropic PbLaZrTi actuators and the simultaneous optimization. In this procedure, the controlling and geometrical variables are simultaneously optimized via a hierarchical genetic algorithm. A bi-coded chromosome is proposed in a hierarchical mode, which consists of some control genes (i.e. actuator location and number) and parametric genes (i.e. applied light intensity). Whether the parametric gene is activated or not is managed by the value of the first-grade control genes. The numerical results demonstrate that the achieved beam bending shapes correlate remarkably well with the expected ones and the simultaneous optimization of photostrictive actuator locations, numbers and light intensities can result in optimal actuator layout with less PbLaZrTi actuators and irradiated light energy. The simulation results also show that the hierarchical genetic algorithm has more superior performance over the conventional real-coded genetic algorithm.     

Influence of groove type on welding-induced residual stress,deformation and width of sensitization region in a SUS304 steel butt welded joint

To join a medium or thick plate weldment with a full penetration, a groove is usually prepared in the space between two sections of metal. Because weld metal needs to be deposited within the groove to form the joint, it is expected that different groove type will require different heat input, which may consequently have influence on welding residual stress and deformation. Generally, different groove corresponds to different bead layout, so it can be foreseen that the groove type has a significant effect on temperature history, shape and size of heat affected zone, and region of sensitization in certain alloys such as austenitic stainless steel. The influences of groove type on residual stress, angular distortion and width of sensitization region in a SUS304 butt-welded joint were investigated by means of numerical simulation and experiment. Based on ABAQUS code, a computational approach with considering thermo-mechanical coupling behaviors, moving heat source, strain hardening and annealing effect was developed to simulate temperature profile, stress field and deformation in multi-pass joint. Welding temperature cycles, residual stress distributions and deformations in V, K and X groove joints were calculated through using the proposed computational procedure. Meanwhile, experiments were carried out to obtain residual stress distributions and angular distortions. Through comparing the numerical results and the measured data, the effectiveness and accuracy of the developed computational approach were verified. The simulation results show that groove type has a significant influence on welding residual stress distribution, angular distortion and width of sensitization region.     

Process parameter optimization of lap joint fillet weld based on FEM–RSM–GA integration technique

This study introduces a welding process design tool to determine optimal arc welding process parameters based on Finite Element Method (FEM), Response Surface Method (RSM) and Genetic Algorithms (GA). Here, a sequentially integrated FEM–RSM–GA framework has been developed and implemented to reduce the weld induced distortion in the final welded structure. It efficiently incorporates finite element based numerical welding simulations to investigate the desired responses and the effect of design variables without expensive trial experiments. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, a lap joint fillet weld specimen has been used in this paper. Four process parameters namely arc voltage, input current, welding speed and welding direction have been optimized to minimize the distortion of the structure. The optimization results revealed the effectiveness of the methodology for welding process design with reduced cost and time.     

Analysis of thermo-mechanical wear problems for reciprocal punch sliding

The relative sliding motion of two elastic bodies in contact induces wear process and contact shape evolution. In the case of a punch sliding on a substrate the transient process tends to a steady state for which the fixed contact stress and strain distribution develops in the contact zone. This state usually corresponds to a minimum of the wear dissipation power. The optimality conditions of the wear dissipation functional provide the contact stress distribution and the wear rate compatible with the rigid body punch motion. The present paper is aimed to extend the previous analyses [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] of steady state conditions to cases of periodic sliding of punch, assuming cyclic steady state conditions for both mechanical and thermal fields.     

基于量子坍缩形态算子的椒盐噪声去除算法

为解决以均方差为量子测量算子构造的量子坍缩形态滤波器去除高密度椒盐噪声的不足,提出一种基于量子坍缩形态算子的椒盐噪声去除方法.基于椒盐噪声的特点,构造一个简单的噪声检测算子;由噪声检测算子生成的标记图像构造新的量子测量算子;为更好地保留图像的细节信息,只对可能噪声点进行量子坍缩形态滤波.仿真结果表明,该方法能有效去除高浓度的椒盐噪声,相比其它滤波算法,具有更强的噪声去除能力和更短的处理时间.     

远场涡流检测传感器速度效应仿真分析

为了分析远场涡流检测中传感器运行速度对缺陷响应信号的影响,采用多场有限元方法对远场涡流(RFEC)管道检测技术进行仿真研究.首先使用COMSOL有限元软件建立远场涡流管道检测频域与瞬态仿真分析模型,而后利用该模型对远场涡流检测原理以及传感器运行速度与缺陷响应信号的关系进行研究.结果表明:在采用远场涡流传感器检测管道缺陷时,传感器运行速度和行进方向对检测结果的稳定性有较大影响.当传感器运行速度过大时,缺陷检测信号与激励信号的相位差会出现较大变化;当传感器运行速度在2 m/s以下,且沿着激励线圈指向检测线圈的方向运动,检测效果较理想.