Enhanced control strategies for a hybrid battery/photovoltaic system using FGS-PID in grid-connected mode

This paper suggests improved control strategies using Fuzzy Gain Scheduling of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FGS-PID) controller for a hybrid Photovoltaic (PV) and Battery Energy Storage (BES) system under different weather conditions. The proposed scheme is implemented using a two-level control system structure, combining the benefits of the PID as well as the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Ziegler-Nichols tuning method is also employed to select the initial values of PID gains. Within the period of steady-states and transients, FGS-PID adopts the gains to ensure the stability of the control scheme. It also damps out transient fluctuations and reduces settling time. Also, BES could be employed to provide a stable and reliable power from the output of PV sources to loads. It can enhance the performance of the entire power system during the grid-connected mode. The simulation results under Matlab/Simulink show that the suggested control strategies are robustness, fast transient response and proper steady-state performance in the grid-connected mode in comparison other presented methods.     

对城市道路平面交叉设计的探讨

从交通组织设计的角度出发，广泛参照国内外先进的理论与方法，结合平时工作积累的经验，从交叉口危险点、通行能力、渠化设计的角度进行分析探讨，并提出了一些思路，以供参考。     

变工况条件下Bang-Bang控制与常规PID控制的集成设计与分析

将Bang-Bang控制与常规PID控制集成,研究了一种适用于大范围工况变化的变工况控制方法。对于非线性二阶系统,采用相轨迹法求解Bang-Bang控制的一次最优切换点;通过设置切换动作的最短响应时间来计算变工况控制的启动阈值。实例仿真结果表明:以变工况控制作为补充的集成控制方案,对全范围的工况变化具有良好的控制效果。     

一种新型泄油口外置式溢流阀组的研究

为了提高先导压力稳定性,针对溢流阀组原理及问题进行分析,并研究了一种新型的泄油口外置式溢流阀组结构。通过测试结果对比可知,该结构溢流阀组显著提高了系统使用性能及稳定性,并降低了能量损失。     

Enzymatic interesterification of palm and coconut stearin blends

Hard fractions of palm oil and coconut oil, blended in the ratios of 90:10, 85:15, 80:20 and 75:25, were interesterified for 8 h using Lipozyme TL IM. Major fatty acids in the blends were palmitic acid (41.7–48.4%) and oleic acid (26.2–30.8%). Medium‐chain fatty acids accounted for 4.5–13.1% of the blends. After interesterification (IE), slip melting point was found to decrease from 44.8–46.8 °C to 28.5–34.0 °C owing to reduction in solids content at all temperatures. At 37.5 °C, the blends containing 25% coconut stearins had 17.4–19% solids, which reduced to 0.4–1.5% on IE, and the slip melting point (28.6 and 28.8 °C) indicated their suitability as margarine base. The reduction in solid fat index of the interesterified fats is attributed to the decrease in high‐melting triacylglycerols in palm oil (GS₃ and GS₂U type) and increase in triolein (GU₃) content from 1 to 9.2%. Retention of tocopherols and β‐carotene during IE was 76 and 60.1%, respectively, in 75:25 palm stearin and coconut stearin blend.     

Predicting the properties of petroleum blends

The aim of this study was to find new correlations to predict the properties of petroleum fractions blends. Several correlations for viscosity, smoke point, freezing point, Reid vapor pressure, aniline point, and cloud point were developed. These new correlations were assessed for their ability to predict the properties by comparing the estimated values with the experimental data as well as other correlations in literature. The developed correlations gave an absolute average deviation of 2.6 mm²/s for viscosity, 0.015 mm for smoke point, 0.05 K for freezing point, 6.47 kPa for RVP, 0.32 K for aniline point, and 0.9 K for cloud point.     

非点对点消息网间互联互通技术方案

介绍了我国开放非点对点消息网间互联互通的背景,并分阶段对我国实现非点对点消息网间互联互通的技术方案进行了介绍和分析。