基于IRP的企业信息化工程整体解决方案的设计

为解决当前企业信息化建设中"信息资源整合与共享问题",提出了一种基于IRP的企业信息化工程整体解决方案.介绍了信息资源规划的相关知识,分析了IRP与ERP之间的区别,采用信息资源规划方法,提出了一整套由"方法论 标准规范 支持工具"组成的技术体系解决方案,从而减少企业内部信息交流和沟通的中间环节,加快部门信息传递速度,提高了企业内部计算机应用水平,促进了企业现代化管理水平的提高,增强了企业的市场竞争能力.     

Surgical Robotics: An Introduction

Surgical robots assisting surgeons during operations are being used in selected medical fields like neurosurgery, orthopaedics and endoscopy. In an introductory part, the authors present a workflow for robot assisted surgery, which includes the steps: image data acquisition, image processing, surgical planning and the actual robot assisted intraoperative transposition. Each step of the workflow comprises different computer aided methods and apparatuses, which are presented in this paper. The following part focuses on different mechanical set-ups and various application fields for surgical robots. They include neurosurgery, orthopaedic surgery, radiosurgery and radiotherapy, prostatectomy, endoscopy, laparoscopy, cardiac surgery and craniofacial surgery.     

A Novel Navigation Method for Autonomous Mobile Vehicles

This paper presents a novel navigation method for Autonomous Mobile Vehicle in unknown environments. The proposed navigator consists of an Obstacle Avoider (OA), a Goal Seeker (GS), a Navigation Supervisor (NS) and an Environment Evaluator (EE). The fuzzy actions inferred by the OA and the GS are weighted by the NS using the local and global environmental information and fused through fuzzy set operation to produce a command action, from which the final crisp action is determined by defuzzification. The EE tunes the supports of the fuzzy sets for the OA and the NS; therefore, the capability of the navigation method is enhanced. Simulation shows that the navigator is able to perform successful navigation task in various unknown or partially known environments, and it has satisfactory ability in tackling moving obstacles. More importantly, it has smooth action and exceptionally good robustness to sensor noise.     

A Theoretical Approach of an Intelligent Robot Gripper to Grasp Polygon Shaped Objects

This paper presents an approach for grasp planning and grasp forces optimization of polygon shaped objects. The proposed approach is an intelligent rule-based method that figures out the minimal number of fingers and minimal values of contact forces. These fingers are required to securely grasp a rigid body in the presence of friction and under the action of some external force. This is accomplished by finding optimal contact points on the object boundary along with minimal number of fingers required for achieving the aforementioned goal. Our system handles every object case independently. It generates a rule base for each object based on adequate values of external forces. The system uses the genetic algorithm as its search mechanism, and a rule evaluation mechanism called bucket brigade for the reinforcement learning of the rules. The process mainly consists of two stages; learning then retrieval. Retrievals act on line utilizing previous knowledge and experience embedded in a rule base. If retrievals fail in some cases, learning is presumed until that case is resolved. The algorithm is very general and can be adapted for interface with any object shape. The resulting rule base varies in size according to the degree of difficulty and dimensionality of the grasping problem.     

Dynamic planning model for determining cutting parameters using neural networks in feature-based process planning

Although feature-based computer-aided process planning plays a vital role in automating and integrating design and manufacturing for efficient production, its off-line properties prohibit the shop floor controllers from rapidly coping with unexpected production errors. The objective of the paper is to suggest a neural network-based dynamic planning model, by which the shop floor controllers determine cutting parameters in real-time based on shop floor status. At off-line is the dynamic planning model constructed as a neural network form, and then embedded into each removal feature. The dynamic planning model will be executed by the shop floor controllers to determine the cutting parameters. A prototype system is constructed to validate whether the dynamic planning model is capable of determining dynamically and efficiently the cutting parameters for a particular set of shop operating factors. Owing to the dynamic planning model, the shop floor controller will increase flexibility and robustness by rapidly and adaptively determining the cutting parameters in unexpected errors occurring.     

An Industrial Case Study on Distributed Prioritisation in Market-Driven Requirements Engineering for Packaged Software

When developing packaged software, which is sold ‘off-the-shelf’ on a worldwide marketplace, it is essential to collect needs and opportunities from different market segments and use this information in the prioritisation of requirements for the next software release. This paper presents an industrial case study where a distributed prioritisation process is proposed, observed and evaluated. The stakeholders in the requirements prioritisation process include marketing offices distributed around the world. A major objective of the distributed prioritisation is to gather and highlight the differences and similarities in the requirement priorities of the different market segments. The evaluation through questionnaires shows that the stakeholders found the process useful. The paper also presents novel approaches to visualise the priority distribution among stakeholders, together with measures on disagreement and satisfaction. Product management found the proposed charts valuable as decision support when selecting requirements for the next release, as they revealed unforeseen differences among stakeholder priorities. Conclusions on stakeholder tactics are provided and issues of further research are identified, including ways of addressing identified challenges.     

一个基于开放式结构的工艺设计知识库系统

根据工艺设计知识库的开放性要求,提出了一个基于开放式结构的层次化知识库模型。在此基础上构造了工艺设计知识库及其管理系统,并给出了工艺知识的综合表示方法和知识库的维护算法。     

工艺设计知识库的建造与维护

文中根据工艺设计知识的特点,构造了层次化的知识表达、组织与知识库模型,分析了工艺知识库不一致的表现形式,并给出了相应的一致性验证算法,提出了基于广义决策表的知识库完备性检查方法。     

六角网格上的图象处理算法的研究

经研究表明,屏幕上的点最佳分布是按六角网格形式分布的,文中首先讨论了六角网格的特点,屏幕用正六边形覆盖,即每个象素对应着一个正六边形,而将正六边形的中心点做为网格点;并从图形图象处理的角度分析了它的优点,如显示的直线（或曲线）没有“断开”的感觉,每个象素与所有相邻象素之间只有一种相邻关系,这就为许多图象处理提供了简便的实现途径,然后提出了在六角网格上进行图象处理的数字化过程以及在图象恢复时几何失真校正的算法,可以看出,在达到同样精度时计算量比方型网格上有明显减少。     

A General Framework for Expressing Preferences in Causal Reasoning and Planning

We consider the problem of representing arbitrary preferencesin causal reasoning and planning systems. In planning, a preferencemay be seen as a goal or constraint that is desirable, but notnecessary, to satisfy. To begin, we define a very general querylanguage for histories, or interleaved sequences of world statesand actions. Based on this, we specify a second language inwhich preferences are defined. A single preference defines abinary relation on histories, indicating that one history ispreferred to the other. From this, one can define global preferenceorderings on the set of histories, the maximal elements of whichare the preferred histories. The approach is very general andflexible; thus it constitutes a ‘base’ languagein terms of which higher-level preferences may be defined. Tothis end, we investigate two fundamental types of preferencesthat we call choice and temporal preferences. We consider concretestrategies for these types of preferences and encode them interms of our framework. We suggest how to express aggregatesin the approach, allowing, e.g. the expression of a preferencefor histories with lowest total action costs. Last, our approachcan be used to express other approaches and so serves as a commonframework in which such approaches can be expressed and compared.We illustrate this by indicating how an approach due to Sonand Pontelli can be encoded in our approach, as well as thelanguage PDDL3.