基于自适应方向导数滤波器的彩色边缘检测

传统彩色边缘检测算法在提高边缘检测准确性时可能将噪声检测为边缘,而在提高噪声鲁棒性时会将部分边缘当作噪声进行抑制,导致部分边缘信息丢失。为解决传统彩色边缘检测算法在边缘检测准确性与噪声鲁棒性之间的矛盾问题,提出一种基于自适应各向异性高斯方向导数（ANDD）的彩色边缘检测算法。通过彩色图像的微分自相关矩阵构建反映边缘类型的度量准则,以自适应地确定每个像素处ANDD滤波器的形状,从而准确提取不同类型的边缘特征,采用ANDD滤波器组对图像进行平滑处理,提取在三个通道上的ANDD特征。在此基础上,利用奇异值分解得到最优融合权值,并融合三个通道的ANDD特征,以增强彩色边缘强度。实验结果表明,该算法在无噪声和含噪声环境下的Pratt品质因子分别为0.849 6和0.791 4,与彩色Canny、RCMG-MM和FRPOS算法相比,在保持较高边缘检测准确率的同时具有较优的噪声鲁棒性。     

Parametric optimization of multiwalled carbon nanotube-assisted electric discharge machining of Al-10%SiCp metal matrix composite by response surface methodology

The demand for miniaturized products having a glossy surface or nano-level surface is increasing exponentially in automobile, aerospace, biomedical, and semiconductor industries. The mirror-like surface finish has generated a need to develop advanced machining processes. The addition of powder particle into electric discharge machining (EDM) oil is considered a promising technique to achieve surface integrity at the miniaturization level. In this research, the Al–10%SiC_p metal matrix composite (MMC) has been machined after mixing the appropriate amount of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into the EDM dielectric fluid. An advanced experimental setup has been designed and fabricated in the laboratory for conducting the experiments. This proposed technology is called nano powder mixed electric discharge machining (NPMEDM). The input parameters of NPMEDM are also optimized using central composite rotatable design (CCRD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) in order to obtain the best surface finish and material removal rate (MRR). The MRR has been increased by 38.22% and surface finish has been improved by 46.06% after mixing the MWCNTs into the EDM dielectric fluid. The results indicate that the combination of parameters A5, B5, C5, and D5 might have produced maximum MRR, whereas A1, B1, C1, and D3 have produced minimum surface roughness (SR).     

Scattering of elastic P- and SV-waves by a circular coated nanofiber based on Gurtin–Murdoch model of surface elasticity: Scattering cross section results

In this article, an analytical study of elastic P- and SV-wave scattering by a circular nanofiber is presented. The nanofiber is assumed to be surrounded by an inhomogeneous interphase layer, and Gurtin–Murdoch's model of surface elasticity is utilized to study the surface/interface effects in the regions between the fiber and interphase and also interphase and matrix. The simultaneous effects of surface elasticity and interphase inhomogeneity are considered here; by taking the inhomogeneous interphase to be composed of several sublayers, a transfer matrix approach is used to find the unknown field variables and, consequently, the scattering cross sections. The results indicate that considering the effects of surface elasticity and interphase inhomogeneity has a considerable impact on the calculated scattering cross sections.     

Analytical and numerical investigation of the stiffness matrix for edge‐cracked circular shafts

This paper examines two engineering methods of evaluating the stress intensity factors for cracked beams and bars subjected to a combined loading and proposes innovative formulations, as far as the circular cross section is concerned. Based on the definition of the stress intensity factors, the compliance matrix is determined as the inverse of the stiffness matrix, modelling the cracked section of a beam through a line‐spring approximation with interactive forces computed within fracture mechanics. A comparative evaluation of numerical predictions based on the proposed methods is also performed with methods available from the literature. Results for free vibration analyses of beams with transverse non‐propagating open cracks are presented and compared in order to estimate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods, where a good agreement is generally found. More specifically, two different coupling effects are herein analysed for circular beams subjected to a combined bending, axial and shear loading, first, and a combined bending, shear and torsion loading, subsequently.     

Improved robust exponential stability for Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy uncertain systems with time-varying delays

This paper concerns managing the robust exponential stability problem of uncertain Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems with time-varying delay by employing a further improved integral inequality matrix approach. Based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, delay-dependent robust exponential stability criteria have been developed. By taking the relationship among the time-varying delay, its upper bound and their difference into account, some less conservative LMI-based delay-dependent robust exponential stability criteria are obtained without ignoring any useful terms in the derivative of Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals. Maximum allowable upper bound for time-varying delays is determined. Numerical examples are provided to show that the obtained results significantly improve the allowed upper bounds of delay size over some methods existing in the literature.     

Detecting Periods of Significant Increased Communication Levels for Subgroups of Targeted Individuals

This paper investigates detecting significant increases in communication patterns and levels between small groups of individuals within a moderate‐size targeted group. Potential applications range from trying to establish emerging thought leaders within an organisation to the detection of the planning stages of a crime. The scan statistic is a popular choice for monitoring and detecting spatio‐temporal outbreaks, but it is difficult to apply to large‐scale target groups because of the computational effort required. When monitoring communication levels between thousands of people, the number of combinations of people whose communication may have increased is very high, and to scan through all of these to find which combinations have increased communications significantly is an enormous task. A successful surveillance plan will have early communication outbreak detection properties and good diagnostic capabilities for identifying individuals contributing to this outbreak. This paper proposes a new computationally feasible approach for detecting communication outbreaks based on exponentially weighted moving average smoothed communication counts between individuals within the network. We apply a cumulative sum of ordered signal‐to‐noise (SN) ratios for communication counts to flag significant departures from their respective median values. This plan is demonstrated to be efficient at detecting changes in communication levels for a small part of the network and diagnosing who is involved in the outbreak. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

层状双周期结构声子晶体带隙特性研究

设计了一种层状五组元双周期结构声子晶体,并将其等效为一维声子晶体,采用传递矩阵法推导出了该结构的能带结构;在该带隙范围内弹性波或声波的传播能够得到有效抑制,实现对噪声的控制。同时,分析了取消内部周期以后第一带隙的变化以及改变硅橡胶层厚度对第一带隙的影响。结果表明,该结构与简单二元结构相比,在降低带隙频率的同时有效减轻了结构质量,且"内部周期"主要影响带隙宽度;当增加硅橡胶层的厚度时,带隙频率进一步降低。     

SiC_p/A356复合材料微弧氧化陶瓷膜的生长规律与性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用微弧氧化法在SiC_p/A356复合材料表面沉积获得连续致密的陶瓷膜,测定了陶瓷膜的生长曲线和显微硬度,利用SEM与XRD分析了陶瓷膜的组织形貌和相组成,考察了金属基复合材料微弧氧化膜的耐磨和防腐性能。结果表明:SiC增强体阻碍了微弧氧化膜的生长,但它并未破坏其完整性;微弧氧化处理初始阶段,陶瓷膜生长方式以向外生长为主,陶瓷膜主要由γ-Al_2O_3相组成;30min后,向外生长逐渐变慢,向内生长开始增强;处理20min之后,陶瓷膜主要由γ-Al_2O_3,α-Al_2O_3相和莫来石相构成;膜层耐磨性良好,耐腐蚀性能得到明显改善。     

碳包覆镍纳米胶囊/石蜡复合材料电磁波吸收机制

利用直流电弧等离子体法在甲烷气氛中制备碳包覆磁性镍纳米胶囊(Carbon-coated Ni nanocapsules,Ni(C)NCs),将它作为电磁波吸收剂,按照质量比10%、20%、30%和40%与有机石蜡基体复合,在0.1~18GHz范围内测定其复介电常数和复磁导率,并对其电磁波响应特性及吸收机制进行了研究。研究结果表明,Ni(C)纳米胶囊具有明显的极化损耗特征,其介电常数在低频范围内随频率提高而急剧衰减,而磁导率具有宽化的多重共振峰;随着Ni(C)纳米胶囊添加量的增加,其介电常数逐渐增加,其复磁导率实部和虚部分别在0.1~8GHz、0.1~10GHz出现增加,而在8~18GHz和10~18GHz范围内出现实部减小和虚部平缓变化的特征。根据极化、涡流以及反射损耗的理论分析,发现Ni(C)纳米胶囊以介电损耗为主,并对相关机制进行了探讨。     

蜂窝层合板结构的隔声特性研究

通过理论建模,着重分析了蜂窝层合板的结构参数对隔声性能的影响。考虑简谐声波垂直入射,基于波传递理论和传递矩阵,引入蜂窝特性阻抗建立蜂窝传声理论模型。通过对理论模型的精度分析,研究了蜂窝层合板结构的芯层厚度、面板厚度、等效杨氏模量等参数对层合板传声特性的影响。由数值分析可知,与传统的理论模型相比,该理论模型相对较简洁,而且精度能满足一般工程要求;其次,芯层厚度、面板厚度以及面板密度对蜂窝层合板结构的传声损失影响较大。