煤尘爆炸特征参数影响因素研究

采用20L球形爆炸装置研究了煤尘粒径、浓度、点火能量对煤尘爆炸最大压力、爆炸最大压力上升速率的影响。研究结果表明,在煤尘粒径一定的条件下,随着煤尘浓度的增大,爆炸最大压力及爆炸最大压力上升速率先增大后减小,煤尘浓度在400~480g/m3之间取得爆炸最大压力最大值0.94MPa、爆炸最大压力上升速率最大值28.79MPa/s;在煤尘浓度一定的条件下,爆炸最大压力不随煤尘粒径的减小而单调变化,爆炸最大压力上升速率随煤尘粒径的减小而逐渐增大;随着点火能量的增大,爆炸最大压力及爆炸最大压力上升速率明显增加。     

高能电子束辐射对硼酚醛树脂的影响

对硼酚醛树脂进行了高能电子束辐射,并进行了差热分析、热失重分析、残炭率和炭化后的粉末电阻率测试.结果表明硼酚醛树脂辐射前在100～200 ℃之间有一个明显的吸热反应峰,固化温度范围较大;而经过辐射后,100～300 ℃反应峰较少,硼酚醛树脂的固化温度范围明显减小,且固化温度降低.炭化后粉末电阻率由辐射前的3899.6 μΩ·m显著提高为辐射后的4951.6 μΩ·m;残炭率由60.6%降低为58.1%.     

Fluorinated acrylic polymers: Surface properties and XPS investigations

A series of polymers based on methylmethacrylate, butylacrylate, and ω‐perfluorooctylalkylacrylate were prepared by radical polymerization. By changing both the length of the hydrocarbon spacer, between the fluorinated chain and the ester function of the fluorinated monomer, and its concentration, the surface properties of the resulting terpolymers were greatly influenced. Polymers containing small amounts of fluorinated comonomer units had considerably reduced surface energies compared to the copolymer poly (methylmethacrylate‐co‐butylacrylate) taken as reference. The outermost surface composition has been investigated by the XPS technique, confirming the strong fluorine enrichment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 821–827, 2006     

Investigation of conductivity characteristics of nitrile butadiene rubber vulcanizates filled with semiconducting carbide ceramic

SiC‐ and B₄C‐filled NBR rubber composites were prepared with various volume fractions of filler by a conventional roll‐mill method. The morphological structures of the NBR–SiC and NBR–B₄C composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The dependence of room‐temperature volume resistivity (ρ_v) on the concentration of filler in the two systems was studied. In addition, variation in the number of current carriers (n), mobility carriers (μ), dielectric constant (ε), and dielectric loss factor (tan δ) on filler concentration in the two systems were investigated in detail. The applicability of composites as negative temperature coefficient (NTCR) linear thermistors was studied by the dependence of volume resistivity on temperature. The resistivity showed negative temperature dependence and changed linearly with temperature parallel. The conduction mechanism of the conductivity of the two composites was analyzed in terms of the computed activation energy and hopping energy. Change in volume resistivity as a function of frequency for the two systems was also investigated. Finally, the dependence of volume resistivity on applied pressure and possible real applications of these composites as transducers in pressure sensors were also studied. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2158–2165, 2007     

延长生焦时间对延迟焦化装置的影响

国内焦化装置的生焦时间几乎都采用24小时，设计的焦炭塔空高较大，在装置低负荷生产时，适当延长生焦时间，不仅可降低装置的运营成本、提高焦炭质量、降低劳动强度，而且还可降低维修费用。安庆焦化成功地在一套装置上实现了48小时生焦操作，年运行200天，增效约100万元。     

汽车发动机节能优化控制仿真与研究

在车辆发动机优化设计的研究中,车辆节能控制的优化能够有效提高汽车发动机燃油燃烧效率,降低发动机的燃油消耗.在汽车行驶过程中,存在着起步突变、急停、忽然转向等特殊情况,利用传统的PID节能控制方法需要大幅度、快速的调整控制参数,以满足意外情况的控制稳定性需求,但改变控制过程中没有考虑对能量的消耗问题,大幅改变参数势必造成能量的无谓损耗.提出一种采用免疫PID的车辆节能控制系统.根据人体免疫应答机制的基本原理,将免疫反馈引入到PID车辆节能控制系统中.采用单层神经网络作为抑制抗体的调节系数,能够实现车辆复杂行驶状态下的非线性过程的拟合.利用神经网络和PID结合的方法建立免疫PID车辆节能控制模型,根据模型的输出实现了车辆节能的精确控制.实验结果表明,利用免疫PID的车辆节能控制系统进行车辆节能控制,能够有效提高控制的精度.     

熔盐堆临界能谱与通量分布的仿真计算

研究熔盐反应堆在临界工况下的堆芯中子能量和中子通量分布.由于熔盐反应堆的几何结构与目前的热中子反应堆存在很大差异,导致热中子反应堆能谱的求解方法在对熔盐堆进行计算时存在几何处理上的困难.针对上述问题,提出采用具有任意几何处理能力的中子输运计算软件MCNP对熔盐堆堆芯结构进行建模,采用能量区间上的平均通量代替该区间内通量分布的方法,计算了两种熔盐堆在临界工况下的堆芯中子能谱.结果表明,MSBR堆芯能谱为典型的热堆能谱;MO-SART堆芯能谱介于快堆能谱和热堆能谱之间.结果能够作为堆芯扩散计算中能量分群方法的依据.同时分析了堆芯内中子通量分布情况,结果表明熔盐堆中子通量分布具有中间高、四周低的特点.     

CORRELATION OF DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS FOR LIQUIDS AND DENSE FLUIDS WITH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

On the basis of the free volume theory and activation energy concept,a fundamental equation whichtakes into account the effects of temperature and pressure has been developed.By introducing differentexpressions for the free volume and activation energy,several equations for fluid diffusion coefficients were derivedaccordingly.With the van der Waals free volume and intermal energy formula,a three-parameter model for fluiddiffusion coeffficients at moderate pressure was obtained.The grand average absolute deviation percent of 345data points (44 systems)for self-and infinite dilute inter-diffusivities is 2.32,against the results of the model ofCohen and Turnbull,4.13.In particular,by means of the modified Carnahan-Starling free volume equation,afour-parameter model with average abosolute deviation percent 2.64(30 systems,644 data points)for theestimation of dense fluid inter-and self-diffusivities at high pressures and in supercritical conditions was derived.The derived model is superior to the method of L     

On the oxidation kinetics and mechanisms of various SiC-coated carbon-carbon composites

SiC coatings on the surface of C-C were produced by either silicone resin impregnation/ pyrolysis or reaction sintering. Cycles of resin impregnation/pyrolysis produced an SiC coating, on the walls of fine open pores, which was effective in reducing the oxidation rate of C-C and in shifting the transition temperature to a higher value. Unless it is pre-coated with a pyrocarbon layer before sintering, plain reaction sintered SiC has oxidation behaviors similar to those of the above-mentioned SiC. The dense pyrocarbon film deposition on the surface of C-C could form a better SiC film than others. The carbon film homogenized the surface of C-C and a dense SiC film was established. The oxidation of the coated C-C can be modelled by a set of “oxidation resistors” in series and/or in parallel, with each resistor corresponding to an oxidation element. The controlling mechanism can be resolved from the activation energy. A combined resistant layer, consisting of resin impregnation, pyrocarbon film and reaction sintering SiC, showed the best oxidation resistance of any single-layer coated C-C composite.     

倒谱距离和短时能量的语音端点检测方法研究

在讨论传统倒谱距离语音端点检测方法不足的基础上,提出了一种基于倒谱距离和短时能量的语音端点检测改进方法。基于倒谱距离的单参数端点检测方法在高信噪比环境下效果较好,然而在低信噪比的环境下其端点检测性能急剧下降。通过分析倒谱距离和短时能量各自的端点检测特性,建立了一种结合二者特点的双参数判决准则,在保证运算量没有显著增大的前提下提高了端点检测的准确率。仿真实验结果表明,新方法相对于基本倒谱距离端点检测方法,在低信噪比的高斯白噪声环境下端点检测性能有较明显提高。