A Non-Invasive Nanoprobe for In Vivo Photoacoustic Imaging of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque

Vulnerable atherosclerotic (AS) plaque is the major cause of cardiovascular death. However, clinical methods cannot directly identify the vulnerable AS plaque at molecule level. Herein, osteopontin antibody (OPN Ab) and NIR fluorescence molecules of ICG co-assembled Ti₃C₂ nanosheets are reported as an advanced nanoprobe (OPN Ab/Ti₃C₂/ICG) with enhanced photoacoustic (PA) performance for direct and non-invasive in vivo visual imaging of vulnerable AS plaque. The designed OPN Ab/Ti₃C₂/ICG nanoprobes successfully realize obvious NIR fluorescence imaging toward foam cells as well as the vulnerable AS plaque slices. After intravenous injection of OPN Ab/Ti₃C₂/ICG nanoprobes into AS model mice, in vivo imaging results show a significantly enhanced PA signal in the aortic arch accumulated with vulnerable plaque, well indicating the remarkable feasibility of OPN Ab/Ti₃C₂/ICG nanoprobes to distinguish the vulnerable AS plaque. The proposed OPN Ab/Ti₃C₂/ICG nanoprobes not only overcome the clinical difficulty to differentiate vulnerable plaque, but also achieve the non-invasively specific in vivo imaging of vulnerable AS plaque at molecule level, greatly promoting the innovation of cardiovascular diagnosis technology.     

国内外水基钻井液新技术

近年来,钻井液技术的研究领域出现了几个研究热点,引起了国内钻井液界的重视.如最近国外引进的无渗透钻井液技术,几乎成了国内钻井液界议论的焦点.在对一些有代表性的研究成果给予简单介绍的同时,就这些技术的出现进行简单分析,然后就钻井液技术未来的发展谈一些看法.     

基于变分模态分解的心冲击信号和呼吸信号分离

为了在睡眠时以非侵入方式监测心冲击信号（BCG）和呼吸信号,使用电阻式薄膜压力传感器嵌入床垫中,将变分模态分解（VMD）算法引入到二维生理信号提取过程. 信号经床垫中的柔性压力传感器,通过硬件低通滤波、数字去趋势（DFA）后,利用VMD算法分解出生理信号中心冲击信号与呼吸信号的潜在分量,通过自适应选取有效分量重构BCG信号与呼吸信号. 基于Hilbert变换,对比VMD、经验模态分解（EMD）、互补集合经验模态分解（CEEMD）分量的瞬时频率. VMD在0~3.0 Hz内的混叠情况相对于EMD与CEEMD得到改善. 采用Bland-Altman法,对标准结果和实验重构结果进行一致性评价. 结果表明,利用VMD法所得BCG与呼吸信号分别有93.75%和92.5%的点在95%一致性标准界限内,有较高的一致性.     

Cystic Fibrosis Related Liver Disease—Another Black Box in Hepatology

Due to improved medical care, life expectancy in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has veritably improved over the last decades. Importantly, cystic fibrosis related liver disease (CFLD) has become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in CF patients. However, CFLD might be largely underdiagnosed and diagnostic criteria need to be refined. The underlying pathomechanisms are largely unknown, and treatment strategies with proven efficacy are lacking. This review focuses on current invasive and non-invasive diagnostic standards, the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of CFLD, treatment strategies, and possible future developments.     

GPU上的非侵入式风格化渲染

提出一种基于硬件加速的算法,在实时图形应用中非侵入式地获得各种风格化渲染特效.通过实时地截获OpenGL API函数调用,修改了常规的渲染流程.该算法完全采用硬件加速的方法,在图形处理器中对颜色缓冲区和深度缓冲区进行后处理;同时采用OpenGL绘制语言作为高级绘制语言,从而可以和其他硬件加速算法（如置换式贴图、矩阵调色盘变形等）完全兼容.实验结果表明：文中算法适用于交互式非真实感渲染的应用,可以作为一种风格化渲染的强有力的工具.     

Integrative Analyses of Circulating Small RNAs and Kidney Graft Transcriptome in Transplant Glomerulopathy

Transplant glomerulopathy develops through multiple mechanisms, including donor-specific antibodies, T cells and innate immunity. This study investigates circulating small RNA profiles in serum samples of kidney transplant recipients with biopsy-proven transplant glomerulopathy. Among total small RNA population, miRNAs were the most abundant species in the serum of kidney transplant patients. In addition, fragments arising from mature tRNA and rRNA were detected. Most of the tRNA fragments were generated from 5′ ends of mature tRNA and mainly from two parental tRNAs: tRNA-Gly and tRNA-Glu. Moreover, transplant patients with transplant glomerulopathy displayed a novel tRNA fragments signature. Gene expression analysis from allograft tissues demonstrated changes in canonical pathways related to immune activation such as iCos-iCosL signaling pathway in T helper cells, Th1 and Th2 activation pathway, and dendritic cell maturation. mRNA targets of down-regulated miRNAs such as miR-1224-5p, miR-4508, miR-320, miR-378a from serum were globally upregulated in tissue. Integration of serum miRNA profiles with tissue gene expression showed that changes in serum miRNAs support the role of T-cell mediated mechanisms in ongoing allograft injury.     

无创伤人体血糖检测系统设计

针对现今糖尿病人急剧增多,有创检测血糖在一定程度上限制了血糖检测次数,增加了感染机率。本文根据比尔定律以近红外光漫反射原理为基础,利用人体组织血流容积周期性变化这一事实,采用电压与血糖浓度标定的方法,介绍了一种便携式无创血糖检测系统,并给出了具体的设计方案。实验结果表明,该系统能够较好地解决因个体皮肤差异所带来的血糖检测误差,实测电压与实际血糖浓度存在一一对应关系,利用查表法能够简单方便地得到血糖浓度。     

基于相关性筛选原理的公共连接点谐波畸变量的分层量化

系统谐波阻抗的准确计算是公共连接点谐波畸变量分层量化的关键。经典波动量法计算谐波阻抗时受到背景谐波波动的影响,存在较大的误差。鉴于背景谐波没有波动时,公共连接点谐波电压、电流波动量之间表现为很强的线性相关性,提出一种基于相关性筛选原理的系统谐波阻抗计算方法,引入"测定系数"作为判据,筛选出背景谐波相对稳定的时间段对应的PCC点波动量样本,利用波动量之比计算系统谐波阻抗。仿真及实际工程算例证明该方法提高了谐波阻抗的计算精度,更准确有效地实现了谐波畸变量的分层量化。     

面向协同防范的非侵入式ARC模型

针对分布式环境下系统的安全性问题,引入了一个基于ARC模型的非嵌入式结构,ARC模型是由actor、role和coordinator组合而成.其中,actor用来模拟计算实体,role和coordinator用来执行控制功能.模型将攻击行为的特征以约束的方式配置到coordinator、role,同时融合了入侵检测中常用的特征检测和异常检测方法.它基于message、event通讯机制,实现了对攻击行为的监测、阻击、识别、处理,提高了系统的防范攻击和生存能力.     

一种基于数据挖掘的HIFU温度估计方法

高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)是一种无创、低费用的新型肿瘤治疗手段。但是目前仍无一种有效的HIFU无损温度监控及检测治疗方法可应用于临床。该文采用数据挖掘中的回归分析模型,挖掘HIFU焦域处超声剪影图像中可用于温度估计的信息。结果表明在70℃以下的温度范围,采用该回归方程进行温度估计的精度为3℃。