Photovoltaic-integrated building facades

Photovoltaic (PV) cells, when integrated within a building facade, offer the possibility of generating electric power and heat for local use or export. This paper reports on a project to investigate the practical operational efficiencies that might be delivered from such facades. The results from laboratory experiments and computer simulations are presented: the former were used to develop an empirical relationship between cell temperature and power output; the latter were undertaken to assess operational efficiencies under a range of climate conditions representative of the UK.     

Expert system for dispatch control in restoration of ehv power system after complete blackout

Present-day power systems operate with high reliability, and it is rare that a blackout will extend over an entire system swiftly and securely. This paper considers automatic power supply to loads after a complete blackout of a system. First, taking into account characteristics of generators, loads, and initial power sources, a method is proposed of allocating several generators to each load in parallel to the system and supplying power to the load sequentially. Second, to remove the imbalance between supply and demand of power, a method is proposed of adjusting the amount of supply and generation according to a present imbalance and the sum of past ones. Third, to automatically issue orders for start-up, parallel, follow-up, stand-by, and stoppage of generators, several rules for each power station are set and an expert system is made based on them. Finally, the expert system is applied to a model power system, and it is verified that it can restore loads without any trouble for a complete blackout which occur at any time of a day and in any restoration pattern.     

Hardness-stress-strain correlation in aluminium—A simpler alternative to visioplasticity in metal forming

Local stress and strain variations in the deformation zone can be ascertained by measuring hardness. Hardness is correlated with strain and stress. The expressions discussed later are useful in determining the local variations in stress and strain from hardness measurement. It is a simple method compared to visioplasticity. One can estimate the forces required for a forming process. It helps in the choice of equipment, design of tooling and selection of lubricant for the particular process.     

本钢7号高炉中控室10kV供电系统技术分析及改进方案实施

根据7号高炉中控室供电状况，进行了供电平衡分析。调整两段负荷，使供电平衡安全。     

Analysis of low load transients for the Vandellòs-II NPP: Application to operation and control support

The Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) has been jointly working with the Asociación Nuclear Ascó-Vandellòs (ANAV) for a number of years in order to establish, qualify and use best estimate (BE) models for the reactors under the control of ANAV. ANAV is the consortium that is responsible for operation of the Ascó and Vandellòs-II reactors. The reactors are Westinghouse-design three-loop PWRs with an approximate electrical power of 1000 MW. The existing integral plant models for each plant are currently used for many different purposes among which are support of plant operation and control. Quite a number of studies have been done in order to improve both safety and plant competitiveness. Most of these dynamic analyses were carried out in relation to transients starting at nominal full power or at least, very close to full power. This paper develops a specific use of the Vandellòs-II plant model for operation and control support at low power involving new ranges of system actuation parameters. It also examines scenarios that are somewhat different from those typically analysed. The study starts showing the results of an assessment case, which is a start-up test and provides some additional qualification, and subsequently attempts to establish calculations to support both an improvement in feed water controls and to set up operating recommendations for low-load manual operation of feed water turbo-pump. Both results hopefully, will produce an outcome, which leads to an improvement in safety and reduces reactor trip probability.     

基于面积流测量原理的一种新型流量测量装置

流量测量装置在自动化系统中应用非常广泛,在热力发电厂中流体的流量直接反映负荷高低、工作状况和运行效率。基于不同测量原理的装置其应用场合也不尽一样,在风量控制领域近几年也出现了十几种形式各异的产品,各种产品都有其自身的优缺点。分析了各种装置的原理及优缺点,重点介绍了一种新型的基于面积流测量原理的测量装置。     

基于Windows CE的线路巡检系统

首先讨论了现有线路巡检模式的不足，然后提出了利用windows CE来构建线路巡检系统。分析了该系统的硬件平台之后，提出了线路巡检系统的体系结构，阐述了该系统应具有的软件功能。在实际应用中表明，该系统在线路巡检中有较强的推广价值。     

浅议轨道交通直流牵引供电系统的构成及保护配置

介绍了城市轨道交通直流牵引供电系统的构成,详细叙述了直流牵引供电系统的主要电气设备及其连接方法,以及系统的运行方式.另外,还简单介绍了系统配置的直流保护以及保护原理和保护作用.     

改善高平均功率固体激光器光束质量的研究

本文首先概述了内含热透镜的激光谐振腔的分析方法，提出影响高平均功率固体激光器光束质量的主要因素是激光介质的热效应，尤其是非对称的热透镜象差。因此，改善光束质量的途径是补偿或修正透镜象差，使光束质量达到非相干多模振荡的理论值。     

热轧厂35kV右母线滤波装置优化

热轧厂在轧制难度大的产品时，引进的３５ｋＶ右母线滤波装置经常过流跳闸，并影响主变压器跳闸。通过现场测试，对过流跳闸原因进行综合分析，确定了设备优化改造对策。经１年多时间的实践考核证明改造是成功的。