Effect of carrier screening on ZnO-based resistive switching memory devices

The carrier screening effect occurs commonly in dielectric materials. It reduces the electric potential gradient, thus negatively affecting the functionality of resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices. An Au/ZnO film/Al-doped ZnO device fabricated in this work exhibited no resistive switching (RS), which was attributed to the carrier screening effect. Therefore, annealing was used for alleviating the screening effect, significantly enhancing the RS property. In addition, different on/off ratios were obtained for various bias values, and the screening effect was accounted for by investigating electron transport mechanisms. Furthermore, different annealing temperatures were employed to modulate the free carrier concentration in ZnO films to alleviate the screening effect. The maximal on/off ratio reached 10⁵ at an annealing temperature of 600 °C, yielding the lowest number of free carriers and the weakest screening effect in ZnO films. This work investigates the screening effect in RS devices. The screening effect not only modulates the characteristics of memory devices but also provides insight into the mechanism of RS in these devices.

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Achieving robust design through statistical effect screening

This work proposes a method for statistical effect screening to identify design parameters of a numerical simulation that are influential to performance while simultaneously being robust to epistemic uncertainty introduced by calibration variables. Design parameters are controlled by the analyst, but the optimal design is often uncertain, while calibration variables are introduced by modeling choices. We argue that uncertainty introduced by design parameters and calibration variables should be treated differently, despite potential interactions between the two sets. Herein, a robustness criterion is embedded in our effect screening to guarantee the influence of design parameters, irrespective of values used for calibration variables. The Morris screening method is utilized to explore the design space, while robustness to uncertainty is quantified in the context of info‐gap decision theory. The proposed method is applied to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Multidisciplinary Uncertainty Quantification Challenge Problem, which is a black‐box code for aeronautic flight guidance that requires 35 input parameters. The application demonstrates that a large number of variables can be handled without formulating simplifying assumptions about the potential coupling between calibration variables and design parameters. Because of the computational efficiency of the Morris screening method, we conclude that the analysis can be applied to even larger‐dimensional problems. (Approved for unlimited, public release on October 9, 2013, LA‐UR‐13‐27839, Unclassified.) Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Minimum Setup Minimum Aberration Two‐level Split‐plot Type Designs for Physical Prototype Testing

Although new technologies allow for less effort in prototyping, physical testing still remains an important step in the product development cycle. Well‐planned experiments are useful to guide the decision‐making process. During the design of an experiment, one of the challenges is to balance limited resources and system constraints to obtain useful information. It is common that prototypes are composed of several parts, with some parts more difficult to assemble than others. And, usually, there is only one piece available of each part type and a large number of different setups. Under these conditions, designs with randomization restrictions become attractive approaches. Considering this scenario, a new and additional criterion, minimum setup, to construct split‐plot type designs is presented. Designs with the minimum number of setups of the more difficult parts, which are especially useful for screening purposes in physical prototype testing, are discussed. The use of the proposed criterion combined with minimum aberration for selecting a regular design is shown through a real application in testing car prototypes. As a tool to practitioners, catalogs of selected 32‐run minimum setup minimum aberration split‐split‐plot and split‐split‐split‐plot designs are presented. More complete catalogs are available as Supporting information. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高通量筛查和安全评估结合评价乳制品包装安全风险

目的 以乳制品包装为研究对象,建立一套科学评价食品接触材料安全风险的方法,全面评价食品接触材料在接触食品过程中带来的食品安全风险。方法 采用非靶向高通量筛查检测技术全面筛查食品模拟物中的重金属和有机物,根据权威数据库和物质毒理学资料进行危害评估,参考欧盟和美国膳食暴露量计算方法进行暴露评估,结合评估结果计算风险系数,最终表征食品接触材料的安全风险。结果 抽取了市面上的塑料、金属、涂料及复合包装等不同材质的乳制品包装进行检测,检出铜、铬、锰和锡等元素,以及有意添加物（如单体、溶剂、抗氧剂、光引发剂、爽滑剂、增塑剂等）、非有意添加物质（如抗氧剂降解产物、寡聚物等）。采用暴露评估和危害评估方法分别表征检出物的膳食暴露和健康指导值,安全风险评估风险系数分布在0.007%～9.4%之间,安全风险较低。结论 建立的食品接触材料安全评价方法是一种有效评价食品接触材料安全风险的方法,该方法具有一定的通用性,企业、行业和政府部门等可用于识别食品接触材料的安全风险,为减少和排除安全风险提供科学依据。     

煤楼运输自动化控制系统的应用

根据某煤矿的现状,提出了利用自动化控制系统对煤楼运输系统进行改造的方案;介绍了煤楼运输自动化控制系统的选型原则,给出了系统的组成、主要配置及其在某矿煤楼运输系统中的应用。实际应用表明,该煤楼运输自动化控制系统实时性好、可靠性高、故障率低,提高了生产效率,保障了安全生产。     

Recognition and analysis of cell nuclear phases for high-content screening based on morphological features

Automated analysis of molecular images has increasingly become an important research in computational life science. In this paper some new and efficient algorithms for recognizing and analyzing cell phases of high-content screening are presented. The conceptual frameworks are based on the morphological features of cell nuclei. The useful preprocessing includes: smooth following and linearization; extraction of morphological structural points; shape recognition based morphological structure; issue of touching cells for cell separation and reconstruction. Furthermore, the novel detecting and analyzing strategies of feed-forward and feed-back of cell phases are proposed based on gray feature, cell shape, geometrical features and difference information of corresponding neighbor frames. Experiment results tested the efficiency of the new method.     

安检中X光断层扫描加速迭代算法研究

随着安检要求的日益提高,计算机断层扫描的安检方式正成为X光安检中越来越重要的部分.为了保证行李扫描的检测效率,加快断层扫描图像的迭代计算速度,提出了一种采用小波变换域取代图像空间来测算图像小波系数的估值方法.该方法以交替最小化算法为框架,在逼近系数时,创建一个替代函数,随着迭代次数的增加,基于同一标准的小波树得以更新扩展,每层的细节系数均更新,小波树也依此扩展,以此达到加速迭代的效果.实验结果表明,该方法比原交替最小化算法最大能减少66.7％的迭代运算次数.     

TimeLapseAnalyzer: multi-target analysis for live-cell imaging and time-lapse microscopy

The direct observation of cells over time using time-lapse microscopy can provide deep insights into many important biological processes. Reliable analyses of motility, proliferation, invasive potential or mortality of cells are essential to many studies involving live cell imaging and can aid in biomarker discovery and diagnostic decisions. Given the vast amount of image- and time-series data produced by modern microscopes, automated analysis is a key feature to capitalize the potential of time-lapse imaging devices. To provide fast and reproducible analyses of multiple aspects of cell behaviour, we developed TimeLapseAnalyzer. Apart from general purpose image enhancements and segmentation procedures, this extensible, self-contained, modular cross-platform package provides dedicated modalities for fast and reliable analysis of multi-target cell tracking, scratch wound healing analysis, cell counting and tube formation analysis in high throughput screening of live-cell experiments. TimeLapseAnalyzer is freely available (MATLAB, Open Source) at http://www.informatik.uni-ulm.de/ni/mitarbeiter/HKestler/tla.     

RAPID ONLINE MONITORING OF A HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST BY A PULSED REACTOR COUPLED TO GC-MS

A rapid screening system for heterogeneous catalyst discovery has been developed by coupling an in-house designed and fabricated high temperature vapor phase pulse reactor on-line to a GC-MS. The incorporation of gas chromatography for separation of the products with the mass spectrometry system allowed simultaneous identification and determination of reaction products and substrate conversion. This system was employed to study the vapor phase catalytic hydride transfer reduction (CHTR) of nitrobenzene with methanol as hydrogen donor on an MgO catalyst as a model reaction. Structural information of all the by-products that were formed was useful to understand the reaction mechanism. The products obtained with the new screening technique were in good agreement with conventional bench scale experiments. The rapid online screening provided an efficient methodology for optimization of reaction conditions such as catalyst loading, reaction temperature, and mole ratios. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the conversion of reactants and selectivity of products.