风电典型机型的闪变严重度分析

风力发电机组的并网运行对当地电网的电能质量有不良影响。为此．根据定速机型、变速机型引起电压波动和闪变的原理及并网风电机组电能质量的国际电工标准IEC61400—21，讨论了测量风电机组输出闪变的方法，给出了两种典型机型的短时闪变严重度与风速的关系实验曲线，并对不同风速段的闪变成因进行了分析。结果表明，变速风电机组在高风速区域综合应用桨叶节距角和变流器控制实现输出功率的稳定能够减小短时闪变严重度，在低风速区域追求最佳风能利用系数将使闪变严重度值增高。     

Structural Description of Polyaromatic Nucleus in Residue

The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H-NMR）, the synchronous fluorescence spectrometry （SFS） and the ruthenium ions catalyzed oxidation （RICO） method were used to determine the chemical structure of polyaromatic nucleus in Oman residue fractions. The results of 1H-NMR analyses showed that the average numbers of aromatic rings in the aromatics, resins and asphaltenes units were 3.2, 5.6 and 8.2, respectively. SFS was used to investigate the distribution of aromatic rings in residue fractions, the main distribution range of aromatic rings in aromatics, resins and asphaltenes were 3 4 rings, 3--5 rings and more than 5 rings, respectively. The aromatic network in residue fractions was oxidized to produce numerous carboxylic acids. The types and content of benzenepolycarboxylic acids, such as phthalic acid, benzenetricarboxylic acids, benzenetetracarboxylic acids, benzenepentacarboxylic acid and benzenehexacarboxylic acid disclosed the condensed types of aromatic nuclei in the core. The biphenyl fraction （BIPH）, the cata-condensed fraction （CATA）, the peri-condensed fraction （PERI） and the condensed index （BCI） were calculated based on the benzenepolycarboxylic acids formed. The results implied that there was less biphenyl type structures in all residue fractions. The aromatics fraction was almost composed of the cata-condensed type system, and the asphaltenes fraction was wholly composed of the peri-condensed type system, while in the resins fraction co-existed the two types, herein the peri-con- densed type was predominant over the cata-condensed type. Based on the analytical results obtained in the study, the components --aromatics, resins and asphaltenes -- were given the likely structural models.     

接地故障保护的设置和整定(三)

7 TT系统接地故障保护 TT系统的电源中性点直接接地,而电气设备的外露可导电部分则经各自的PE线接地。这样在大多数情况下,由于故障回路包括两个接地电阻,使接地故障电流太小,不足以使过电流保护动作切断接地故障电流。而且由于故障电流小,故障点未被熔焊,故障点阻抗是难以估计的接触电阻。因此,TT系统接地故障回路阻抗和故障电流难以估算。所以,必须设置漏电电流动作保护。     

Mg-doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel for cathode materials

Lithium-ion batteries are becoming more and more important not only for portable electronic devices, but also in prevision of high power electric vehicles. In such an optic, deep studies regarding all the components of a secondary battery are in development. In this study, high voltage cathode materials have been selected. Crystals with spinel structure have a 3D vacancy pathway suitable for Li-ions transport. The material under study was LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ doped with magnesium replacing the nickel. Various samples were synthesized via three different routes: a solid-state method, a modified sol–gel method and a xerogel method. The structure and morphology of the powders were analyzed with HRTEM and XRD. Electrochemical tests were also performed. A wide range of particle sizes (from micro to nanosize) was the result of the different synthesis routes. Unfortunately pure materials were not always obtained. The electrochemical tests showed improvement of the material's cyclability, by reducing the particle size. The electrochemical tests further confirmed the existence of a Li_1+dMn_2−dO₄ impurity. The results are quite promising, however, further improvement of the purity of the electrode composition are needed.     

Hot carrier magnetophonon spectroscopy of semiconductors in high magnetic fields up to 40 T

Hot carrier magnetophonon resonances of n-type Si, short channel InP and p-type InSb were investigated in pulsed high magnetic fields up to 40 T. Using a recently developed high resolution technique in pulsed high fields, many new features of the hot carrier-phonon interactions in high magnetic fields were found.     

Performance prediction of a hybrid‐excitation synchronous machine with axially arranged excitation poles and permanent‐magnet poles

This paper presents a method of predicting the steady‐state performance of a new hybrid‐excitation synchronous machine (HESM) theoretically. The field pole of this HESM is axially divided into two parts; one is an excitation part and the other a permanent‐magnet (PM) part. A nonlinear equivalent circuit, which can include the saliency of the rotor and the magnetic saturation due to the iron core, is derived. Based on this equivalent circuit, the steady‐state performance of the HESM is calculated, and the results are confirmed through experiments. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(2): 43–49, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20033     

Scanning electron microscope electron detector with a radial type discrete dynode electron multiplier

A discrete dynode electron multiplier with radial flux of electrons was built and tested in the range of low‐voltage scanning electron microscopy as a backscattered electron detector of topographic contrast. The multiplier collects backscattered electron emitted in a specific range of take‐off angles and over the whole azimuth angular range enabling large solid collection angle. Multipliers with different dynode shapes were studied theoretically with the use of the software for particle optics and three assemblies were built and tested experimentally. The gain estimation, assessment of the type of detected electrons (secondary electron or backscattered electron), imaging the spatial collection efficiency and signal‐to‐noise measurements were performed.     

阳极炭块压降测试的方法与分析

本文通过阐述新的阳极炭块测试方法，提出了降低阳极炭块Fe-C压降的思路，并分析了降低阳极炭块压降对我公司经济效益的影响，可供同行参考。     

An investigation of the relation between the temperature dependences of the initial unbalance and the output signal of resistance strain sensor bridge circuits

The relation between the initial unbalance and the output signal of bridge circuits when acted upon simultaneously by the physical factor being measured and the temperature of the surroundings when the bridge is supplied from a voltage or current source is investigated. Analytic relations are obtained which explain the temperature dependence of the useful output voltage under external physical action. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 48–49, 2007.     

Pulse-Width Dependence in Current-Driven Magnetization Reversal Using GaMnAs-Based Double-Barrier Magnetic Tunnel Junction

We have investigated the current pulse width dependence on current-driven magnetization reversal in double-barrier structures using GaMnAs-based magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJ) in order to clarify the origin of low threshold current density for current-driven magnetization reversal. Comparing with the case of single-barrier MTJ, the pulse-width dependence reveals that threshold current density is reduced by double-barrier MTJ. We confirmed that the threshold current density in the order of 10⁴ A/cm² is estimated considering the effect of current pulse width.