浙江推广居民峰谷电价的成效

从2001年开始,浙江省逐步推行居民峰谷电价, 引导居民用户主动移峰填谷。2004年又实行了居民用电阶梯式累进加价,促进居民节约用电。截至2005年7月,浙江省实行居民峰谷电价的用户数已经达到66万户。据专业人士推算,可移峰负荷600 MW,形成了居民节省电费、电力企业移峰填谷的“双赢”局面。     

厦门电业局解决物业小区拖欠电费问题的实践

针对厦门市未实行抄表收费到户的物业小区存在的拖欠电费问题,厦门电业局通过加强沟通、主动争取政策、明确物业公司代收代缴电费职责、推行“绕越产权,抄表收费到户”和“一票制”等措施,达到基本解决物业小区拖欠电费问题的目的。     

电力市场初期两部制无功定价方法

提出了一种电力市场初期的两部制无功定价方法,以有功电能成本和无功电量成本最优为目标函数,以潮流方程为等式约束,以运行及安全约束为不等式约束。建议的内点非线性规划法原理简单、计算量小。所提两部制无功电价模型的核心想法为:一方面,提出电力市场下无功源以运行成本参与竞争,以解决现有的一部制电价对无功的运行成本补偿不足的问题;另一方面,提出一种新的无功容量电价分解方案,以解决现有的一部制电价对无功投资成本回收不明确的问题。电量电价加容量电价形成了建议的两部制无功电价。IEEE-30节点系统算例验证了建议的无功优化算法和无功价格模型的有效性和实用性。     

The design of fuel efficient automotive hypoid gear lubricants

Synthesised lubricant base stocks and the performance additives used in hypoid gear lubricants can both be chemically designed to give improved hypoid gear efficiency and, therefore, better vehicle fuel economy than provided by conventional lubricants In this paper, the authors review, relative to a widely used SAE 90 grade mineral oil-based lubricant, the changes in gear efficiency which have been documented using certain classes of synthesised lubricants. These advantages are described in terms of (a) EPA City and Highway Cycle efficiencies, (b) absolute data over a wide temperature range under four selected speed/torque combinations, and (c) absolute changes in inefficiency compared to the mineral oil product. Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids have been studied. The bulk oil temperature at which a specific lubricant gives maximum efficiency is dependent on both gear operating conditions and on the chemical composition of the lubricant.     

变压器利用率分析的营销管理意义

随着供电企业精细化管理的不断深入,变压器利用率这一指标在市场营销中对用户合理选择基本电费计费方式、优化资源配置、堵塞管理漏洞方面的作用逐渐显现。通过对变压器利用率的分析,进一步挖掘其潜力,促进变压器经济运行,指出在推动节能管理和深化营销管理方面的重要意义。     

An investigation on fairness perception for grid tariff models: Evidence from Denmark

The grid tariff design has become an important issue for green transition and has been understudied. Depending on how costs are allocated to end-users, different network pricing models can have an influence on the success of the green transition. Consumer perceptions of the fairness of varying tariff models are of great importance to policymakers. The objective of this study is to investigate consumer perceptions of fairness of different tariff models in Denmark. These tariff models include capacity charge, transport charge, dynamic tariff, Ramsey, flat tariff, and socialized tariff. A total of 793 usable respondents were included in the analysis. The result indicates that a majority of consumers perceive cost-reflective pricing models to be fair. In contrast, Ramsey pricing was considered to be unfair by most consumers. Furthermore, the heterogeneity in consumer perceptions was captured: the dynamic tariff preferred (56.7%), the transportation tariff preferred (12.1%), and the flat rate preferred (21.2%). The results of this study are expected to contribute to the design of new grid tariff models in Denmark and internationally.     

Options for change: Restructuring California’s residential inclining rates for a better electricity future

Local distribution companies (LDCs) regulated by the California Public Utilities Commission use mandatory inclining rates (MIR) to bill their residential electricity customers. However, MIR hinder the California electricity industry’s provision of clean and reliable service at affordable rates. Hence, we consider the following options to restructure MIR: (1) adopting a flat energy rate and revised customer charges; (2) replacing the flat rate in (1) with time-of-use (TOU) rates; (3) replacing the TOU rates in (2) with real-time pricing; (4) replacing (3) with a Hopkinson tariff with reliability differentiation. Our assessment of these options recommends sequential implementation (1), (2) and (4), thus lessening the potentially large and adverse bill impacts on some residential end-users caused by a drastic rate design change. Our recommended implementation sequence is (2) and (4) when the potentially large bill impacts of TOU pricing on the small and poor end-users with relatively high peak kWh consumption are to be mitigated by income-based customer charges.     

Analysis of a current water tariff and attitudes towards change: A representative study from a Palestinian city

The problem of an outdated tariff has become acute recently with increased water scarcity in Palestine. Therefore, the goals of the study were to analyse the factors that could affect the water consumption in Jericho governorate, Palestine; explore societal perceptions of alternative water sources; and to identify areas that need to be re-examined for tariff revision or changes to water source and delivery. A total of 76% of the respondents know the water tariff price, and 61% of the sample considers the tariff as high. Future suggestions to raise the price of water will meet resistance. Interestingly, 66% of the respondents agree with the possible future use of treated wastewater, and 46% of the respondents emphasize that treated wastewater is the most favoured solution for water scarcity. Overall, the results indicate the public identifies water conservation as possible and that alternative actions can be applied in order to manage and conserve water resources.     

露天矿深孔起爆药包位置的确定

本文通过对长柱药包起爆过程的分析和起爆药包在炮孔中不同位置的爆破效果比较,结合实践,提出孔底起爆药包的优势性.     

油田抽油机避峰用电的方法和效益

油田生产中避峰用电较困难。根据能量守衡定律,在保证抽油机每天运转总冲数不变的前提下,用改变抽油机井冲次的方法来调节负荷,达到油田避峰用电的目的。提出变频调速器、变速箱、双速电机等实现改变抽油机井冲次的方法,分析避峰用电产生的效益。