圆锥形零件冲压成形极限的确定

圆锥形零件极限变形程度可用极限拉深系数［ｍｚｄ］＝［ｄ２／Ｄ０］来表示。根据圆锥形零件与圆筒形零件的内在联系，经力学分析得出了便于实用的圆锥形零件极限拉深系数［ｍｚｄ］的计算表达式，并由此给出了用［ｍｚｄ］所表示的成形极限曲线和第一次拉深时的极限拉深系数。经实验验证表明所确定的成形极限是准确和可靠的。     

Development of low thermal expansion superalloy

Alloy 903 and Alloy 909 are well-known Fe-Co-Ni-Al-Ti-Nb alloys with controlled low thermal expan-sion, but they have some properties that can be improved. To improve stress-accelerated grain boundary oxidation embrittlement of Alloy 903 and instability of theγ phase of alloy 909, two new alloys with good stress-rupture ductility, high creep-rupture strength, high tensile strength at high temperature, and good controlled thermal expansion were developed. These property improvements were accomplished by the combination of optimizing the Fe-Co-Ni ratio of the matrix and stabilizing theγ phase with the addition of aluminum.     

用差热分析法测量铜粉镀银的反应速度

差热分析法测量化学沉积铜粉镀银反应速度是以化学热力学的原理为依据的。首先进行“空白试验”,第二步镀银,然后处理差热分析(DTA)曲线,得到表征镀银反应速度的特性曲线。最后用称重法验证。结果表明,本方法与称重法测定的结果一致。另外,DTA法快速、灵敏、试样用量少,可连续测量。     

纳米TiN改性Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的抗热震性能

为研究不同粘结相对纳米TiN改性Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷抗热震性能的影响,真空烧结制备了粘结相质量分数分别为20%Ni、10%Co-10%Ni和20%Co的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。采用扫描电镜研究了材料的组织,并测量了力学性能。采用压痕-急冷法主要研究了其抗热震性能,结果表明,随着温度的升高和热循环次数的增加,裂纹增长,粘结相为Ni的金属陶瓷的抗热震性优于粘结相为Co的金属陶瓷。显微照片表明,裂纹主要沿硬质相/粘结相界面及粘结相扩展。     

焊接残余应力形成机制与消除原理若干问题的讨论

针对目前存在的一些对焊接残余应力形成机制和消除原理传统理论的质疑和不同观点，采用两端拘束杆件和长板各焊接的一维简化模型，分析比较了经受加热与冷却热循环以及直接从高温冷却下来时的应变历史和残余应力产生的机制。结果表明，前者存在残余压缩塑性应变，后者存在残余热收缩应变。两者对产生残余应力的作用完全是等价的，为了统一概念，建议引入固有应变理论。固有应变包括焊接过程中产生的塑性应变，热应变和相变应变，残余应力是在固有应变源作用下构件自动平衡的结果，消除焊接残余应力必须去除固有应变源，此外对若干容易混淆的问题进行了讨论。     

纳米CeO2单晶的制备与热处理对粒径的影响

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为铈源、NH3·H2O为沉淀剂,用化学沉淀法通过对陈化时间的控制,制备了单分散的单晶纳米CeO2粒子,并用XRD、TEM、ED、BET、TG-DTA等测试手段对产物的物相结构、形貌和纳米尺度进行了表征.XRD分析表明,制得的纳米CeO2粒子为萤石结构且晶型比较完整. 通过控制热处理的温度和陈化时间可以控制粒子的大小.TEM和ED分析表明产物颗粒基本为球形,分散性较好且为单晶. 通过TG-DTA结果可以断定所制备的前驱体结构式为CeO2·1/2H2O.     

调制波长对Cu／Ni金属多层膜力学性能的影响

用电沉积法在低碳钢基体上制备了具有不同调制波长(一个调制波长等于单层Cu膜与单层Ni膜厚度之和)的Cu/Ni金属多层膜，研究了多层膜硬度与其中单层膜厚度之间的关系。结果表明，当膜厚在亚微米范围内时，Cu/Ni多层膜的屈服强度(为硬度值的1/3)与单层膜厚之间符合基于位错塞积模型的Hall-Pctch(H-P)关系式；而当单层膜厚小于100nm时，屈服强度与膜厚的关系偏离了H-P线性关系。基于程开甲等人位错稳定性理论首次对金属多层膜变形行为偏离Hall-Petch关系的现象作了定量解释。     

Thermal spray vitrification process for the removal of lead-based paint from steel structures: An applications note

Lead-based paints and primers have long been used to protect steel structures from corrosion, but are now recognized as environmental hazards. During lead-based paint removal via abrasive blasting, federal, state and local environmental requirements mandate the use of containment structures to prevent contamination of air, soil, or water. The thermal spray vitrification (TSV) process was developed and optimized in laboratory experiments to remove hazardous lead-based paint. TSV consists of thermal spraying a molten glass onto the painted surface. As the glass strikes the substrate, it reacts with the paint, and organic components are pyrolyzed, while lead ions are trapped on the glass surface. Quenching stresses in the glass cause it to crack and spall off the substrate. The resulting glass fragments are collected, and further remelted to completely immobilize lead (Pb) ions in the glassy iron (Fe) silicate matrix. The glass waste is thus rendered non-hazardous, as determined by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The TSV process was field tested on a fire hydrant, using minimal personal protective equipment and without using a containment structure. The lead-containing paint was removed, without producing hazardous waste, leaving de-painted surfaces suitable for repainting.     

Effects of carbon content and solidification rate on thermal conductivity of grey cast iron

The thermal conductivity or diffusivity of pearlitic grey irons with various carbon contents is investigated by the laser flash method. The materials are cast in controlled thermal environments and produced in three dissimilar cooling rates. The cooling rate together with the carbon content largely influence the thermal conductivity of grey iron. Linear relationships exist between the thermal conductivity and the carbon content, the carbon equivalent and the fraction of former primary solidified austenite transformed into pearlite. The work shows that optimal thermal transport properties are obtained at medium cooling rates. Equations describing the thermal conductivity of pearlite,solidified as pre-eutectic austenite, and the eutectic of grey iron are derived. The thermal conductivity of pearlitic grey iron is modeled at both room temperature and elevated temperature with good accuracy.