新疆油田微生物开采稠油技术研究及矿场试验

通过室内筛选复壮,选育出对克拉玛依稠油具有显著降粘作用的微生物菌种.室内降粘实验结果表明,菌种对稠油的降粘率可达70%,同时菌种可以改善稠油的流体性质.原油族组分分析结果表明,菌种能够降解稠油中的非烃和长链饱和烃.首次在克拉玛依油田进行了6口井的微生物吞吐开采稠油矿场试验,累计增油865t.     

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON HORIZONTAL OIL-GAS FLOW

Experiments were carried out to investigate the characteristics of oil-gas flow in a horizontal pipe on a large scale (with the inner diameter D = 125 mm). With the experimental data, the flow patterns were presented. Through the analyses for the flow regime transition, it was found that there was a critical superficial velocity of liquid phase for the flow regime transiting from stratified flow to slug flow. The slug flow could not occur until the superficial velocity of liquid phase was higher than the critical velocity. For the flow pattern transiting from stratified to slug flow, the transmitting velocity of gas phase decreases with the augmentation of superficial velocity of liquid phase. On the basis of the experiments, numerical simulations of different flow patterns and their transitions were performed with the use of the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) technique. The results of the computations are shown to match well with the measured data in the experiments.     

青藏铁路西格二线混凝土冻融试验研究

由于工期的要求,青藏铁路西格增建二线必须进行冬期施工。根据工程状况,分析了混凝土受冻的破坏机理,针对施工环境及对混凝土设计强度和要求,进行了大量冻融试验分析,对引气剂、水胶比、砂率、粉煤灰掺量等原材料与混凝土含气量的关系及其混凝土搅拌温度与静停时间等对混凝土性能的影响进行了分析与技术论证,确保了该线冬期混凝土施工顺利进行。     

基于随机分析和概率预测的固定式海洋平台结构风险评估研究

对极端海况进行了环境荷载的联合概率分析。引入了整体不确定性和敏感性分析理论,利用非正态过程、具有不同相关性的多变量随机模拟技术,求解结构的失效概率。提出结构失效分析的新方法,并利用DNV提供的历史数据,对结构失效的后果做了适当分析。以埕北12-C井组平台为实例,对平台甲板高程(Air Gap)失效分析进行了实例计算。结果表明,使用多维联合极值分布理论及相应的求解方法,是离岸工程结构物风险评估的重要手段。     

克拉-2气田射孔工艺研究

克拉-2气田具有5大射孔难题:射孔井段长、地层压力大、产气量大、流体中腐蚀性物质和不宜丢枪,作业风险非常大。提出了带枪生产的射孔方案和射孔后取枪生产2种射孔方案,通过分析对比优选出最佳方案——最终选定模块式射孔枪过油管方案,并对该方案作了较为详尽的叙述,在后来的施工中成功地得到了印证。     

浸没式光刻技术的研究进展

浸没式光刻技术是将某种液体充满投影物镜最后一个透镜的下表面与硅片之间来增加系统的数值孔径，可以将193nm光刻延伸到45nm节点以下。阐述了浸没式光刻技术的原理，讨论了液体浸没带来的问题，最后介绍了浸没式光刻机的研发进展。     

山西沁南煤层气井试气工艺分析

对山西沁南地区三口煤层气井试气施工工艺进行总结分析，改进了注入压降测试管柱，采用电潜泵法对煤层排采测气。对今后煤层气井的施工具有一定的指导意义。     

板栅模具设计中的几个问题

通过对板栅模具设计中遇到的几个实际问题的分析提出处理意见 ,从而达到科学合理地设计板栅模具。     

Innovation in construction: a sociology of technology approach

An alternative approach to understanding innovation is made using two intersecting ideas. The first is that successful innovation requires consideration of the social and organizational contexts in which it is located. The complex context of construction work is characterized by inter-organizational collaboration, a project-based approach and power distributed amongst collaborating organizations. The second is that innovations can be divided into two modes: 'bounded', where the implications of innovation are restricted within a single, coherent sphere of influence, and 'unbounded', where the effects of implementation spill over beyond this. Bounded innovations are adequately explained within the construction literature. However, less discussed are unbounded innovations, where many firms' collaboration is required for successful implementation, even though many innovations can be considered unbounded within construction's inter-organizational context. It is argued that unbounded innovations require an approach to understand and facilitate the interactions both within a range of actors and between the actors and technological artefacts. The insights from a sociology of technology approach can be applied to the multiplicity of negotiations and alignments that constitute the implementation of unbounded innovation. The utility of concepts from the sociology of technology, including 'system building' and 'heterogeneous engineering', is demonstrated by applying them to an empirical study of an unbounded innovation on a major construction project (the new terminal at Heathrow Airport, London, UK). This study suggests that 'system building' contains outcomes that are not only transformations of practices, processes and systems, but also the potential transformation of technologies themselves.     

喷锚网技术在高陡边坡防护中的应用

喷锚网支护可提高高且陡的边坡岩土结构强度和抗变形刚度,增强边坡的整体稳定性.根据公路路段的情况,路堑边坡采用喷锚网支护的形式,针对设计方案、材料要求、施工方法、技术措施,以及现场质量管理和检测问题进行探讨.