区域水土特性参数时空变异分布特征及相关分析

作者应用地质统计学原理与方法,在山东簸箕李引黄灌区开展大尺度区域水土特性参数时空变异性的研究,描述农田排水、地下水、表层土壤中含盐量的空间与时间变化分布趋势和特征,分析其间存在的相关关系。结果表明,在一个完整的水文循环年内,研究区域的水土特性参数之间具有相近的空间变异分布状态和特点,但却表现出不同的时间变异分布趋势与特征。农田排水和表层土壤的含盐量随季节变化的分布状态在灌区上、下游相对稳定,在中游却变化明显;地下水的盐分浓度在整个灌区的分布状况没有呈现出明显的时间变异性。在春季至初夏时段内,农田排水中含盐量的增加似乎对地下水水质的影响较小,而对表层土壤积盐状况影响较大。研究成果为灌区制定合理的水资源利用与农田水土管理策略提供了理论依据。     

定向断裂爆破技术在特软岩层巷道中的应用

介绍了大雁矿区特软岩层巷道成型新技术,包括定向断裂爆破技术的机理、爆破参数,以及大雁矿区特软岩层条件下实施定向断裂爆破的技术关键和注意事项。应用该技术不仅提高了巷道成型质量、节约了材料,而且保护了围岩稳定,对软岩巷道维护有重要作用。     

Optimal Control of the Primary Drying Stage of Freeze Drying of Solutions in Vials Using Variational Calculus

The problem of operating freeze drying of pharmaceutical products in vials placed in trays of a freeze dryer to remove free water (in frozen state) at a minimum time was formulated as an optimal control problem. Two different types of freeze dryer designs were considered. In type I freeze dryer design, upper and lower plate temperatures were controlled together, while in type II freeze dryer design, upper and lower plate temperatures were controlled independently. The heat input to the material being dried and the drying chamber pressure were considered as control variables. Constraints were placed on the system state variables by the melting and scorch temperatures during primary drying stage. Necessary conditions of optimality for the primary drying stage of freeze drying process in vials are derived and presented. Furthermore, an approach for constructing the optimal control policies that would minimize the drying time for the primary drying stage was given. In order to analyze optimal control policy for the primary drying stage of the freeze-drying process in vials, a rigorous multi-dimensional unsteady state mathematical model was used. The theoretical approach presented in this work was applied in the freeze drying of skim milk. Significant reductions in the drying times of primary drying stage of freeze drying process in vials were obtained, as compared to the drying times obtained from conventional operational policies.     

濮城油田多油层非均质油藏剩余油研究

濮城油田沙二下油藏纵向上有8个砂组37个小层,渗透率级差在5~30倍,是多油层非均质油藏,目前综合含水92·85%。为了做好高含水、高采出程度阶段的油藏调整,对此类油藏分层的剩余油分布规律进行定性描述和定量评价。根据剩余油研究及分布特点,进行了细分调整。调整实施后,采收率提高0·82%,产量保持3年稳定上升,平均由16·84×104t上升至18·41×104t,综合含水下降2·1个百分点,取得了明显的效果。     

从图像的二维谱分析现行电视的缺陷

从图像的二维谱可以得出现行广播电视图像为什么不能满足人眼的视觉匹配以及现行电视制度的不足 ,从而对未来的高清晰度电视发展提出要求。     

基于VXI总线的超宽带线性调频信号源的设计

主要介绍了VXI总线C尺寸超宽带线性调频信号源的设计方法，重点描述了利用现场可编程逻辑器件FPAG和DSP设计VXI总线接口电路，以及数字波形存储直读技术在线性调频信号源中的应用。     

理想九点五态控制器原理的叙述

用计算的方式叙述理想九点五态控制器的控制原理。为便于人们理解二阶对象的运动中控制的变化过程,将抽象的对象转换为人们熟知的L-R-C电路,通过调节输入电压(即控制作用)的大小和方向来实现对对象性能的调节,并使系统达到理想的性能指标。最后用仿真来验证计算结果的正确性。     

Implementing Qubits with Superconducting Integrated Circuits

Superconducting qubits are solid state electrical circuits fabricated using techniques borrowed from conventional integrated circuits. They are based on the Josephson tunnel junction, the only non-dissipative, strongly non-linear circuit element available at low temperature. In contrast to microscopic entities such as spins or atoms, they tend to be well coupled to other circuits, which make them appealling from the point of view of readout and gate implementation. Very recently, new designs of superconducting qubits based on multi-junction circuits have solved the problem of isolation from unwanted extrinsic electromagnetic perturbations. We discuss in this review how qubit decoherence is affected by the intrinsic noise of the junction and what can be done to improve it. PACS: 03.67.-a, 03.65.Yz, 85.25.-j, 85.35.Gv     

牛奶加工过程中的清洗(二)

五．牛奶厂的清洗。目前，牛奶厂采用的清洗方式主要是CIP清洗(Cleaning in place)，原地清洗或称定置清洗，即在基本不拆卸或挪动机械装置和管线的情况下对生产过程中能与牛奶发生接触的设备表面进行的清洗。其冲刷、清洗、灭菌的整个过程全部实现了自动化因此大大降低了劳动强度。而有一些不     

气田集输工艺的选择

近几年我国加快天然气工业的发展，开发了几个大型气田，在与外国石油公司的合作开发中，引进了一些先进的技术及设计理念，集气管道从传统的气液分输工艺发展到气液混输工艺。介绍了气田集输采用的新工艺，分析、总结了各种集输工艺的适用场所。