Structural Description of Polyaromatic Nucleus in Residue

The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H-NMR）, the synchronous fluorescence spectrometry （SFS） and the ruthenium ions catalyzed oxidation （RICO） method were used to determine the chemical structure of polyaromatic nucleus in Oman residue fractions. The results of 1H-NMR analyses showed that the average numbers of aromatic rings in the aromatics, resins and asphaltenes units were 3.2, 5.6 and 8.2, respectively. SFS was used to investigate the distribution of aromatic rings in residue fractions, the main distribution range of aromatic rings in aromatics, resins and asphaltenes were 3 4 rings, 3--5 rings and more than 5 rings, respectively. The aromatic network in residue fractions was oxidized to produce numerous carboxylic acids. The types and content of benzenepolycarboxylic acids, such as phthalic acid, benzenetricarboxylic acids, benzenetetracarboxylic acids, benzenepentacarboxylic acid and benzenehexacarboxylic acid disclosed the condensed types of aromatic nuclei in the core. The biphenyl fraction （BIPH）, the cata-condensed fraction （CATA）, the peri-condensed fraction （PERI） and the condensed index （BCI） were calculated based on the benzenepolycarboxylic acids formed. The results implied that there was less biphenyl type structures in all residue fractions. The aromatics fraction was almost composed of the cata-condensed type system, and the asphaltenes fraction was wholly composed of the peri-condensed type system, while in the resins fraction co-existed the two types, herein the peri-con- densed type was predominant over the cata-condensed type. Based on the analytical results obtained in the study, the components --aromatics, resins and asphaltenes -- were given the likely structural models.     

建立虚拟武器装备库，从基础践行科技兴训——浅探VRML技术在我军军事训练中的应用

VRML技术作为现代一种新型计算机技术，已广泛应用到军事、教育等各个领域，充分运用现代高新技术成果，进行模拟训练已成为各军事强国在训练改革的重要目标和现代军事训练发展的指导方向。本文初步探讨了VRML技术在我军军事训练中的应用，提出了虚拟武器装备库的概念，并对我军建立虚拟武器装备库的可能性、必要性及建设构想进行了初步探讨。     

Performance prediction of a hybrid‐excitation synchronous machine with axially arranged excitation poles and permanent‐magnet poles

This paper presents a method of predicting the steady‐state performance of a new hybrid‐excitation synchronous machine (HESM) theoretically. The field pole of this HESM is axially divided into two parts; one is an excitation part and the other a permanent‐magnet (PM) part. A nonlinear equivalent circuit, which can include the saliency of the rotor and the magnetic saturation due to the iron core, is derived. Based on this equivalent circuit, the steady‐state performance of the HESM is calculated, and the results are confirmed through experiments. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(2): 43–49, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20033     

电子商务环境下的组织变革探讨

从变化的环境出发，论述了组织与环境的关系，分析了电子商务在组织变革中的作用以及组织变革的规律，进一步研究了适应这种环境的虚拟组织的组成、管理特性和运作平台。     

基于虚拟仪器技术的火车闸片摩擦系数测试系统

虚拟仪器是当今仪器仪表发展的趋势，根据硬件结构、总线结构、开发平台的不同，虚拟仪嚣系统有一套典型开发步骤和系统构建方式。本文介绍了一个利用基于虚拟仪器技术的火车闸片摩擦系数测试系统的设计，给出了系统的硬件结构和软件设计的思路。     

红外通信IrDA标准与应用

红外光是有许多优势的通信媒介，红外通信IrDA标准是目前IT和通讯业普遍支持的近距离无线数据传输规范。本文介绍了红外通信IrDA标准的内容以及它的物理层协议，脉冲调制的必要性，不同传输速率下不同的脉冲调制方式，连接建立协议层的帧结构。给出了符合IrDA标准的芯片TOIM32325和TFDS4500在高电压环境下调试实验设备的应用。     

基于计算机声卡的虚拟仪器的设计

主要介绍通过计算机的声卡来实现对虚拟仪器的设计，模拟了示波器、信号发生器和频率计等设备的基本功能，详细介绍了系统的硬件设计方法及软件流程。该系统主要适用于音频范围的各种信号的采集与产生。     

虚拟嵌入式可编程控制器

本文介绍了虚拟嵌入式ＰＬＣ的原理并给出了一个实例。从某种意义上说，这种ＰＬＣ是一种思想方法。它适用于任何一种计算机系统。这种技术已成功运用于几个控制系统。     

Locked discrete event systems: How to model and how to unlock

To model qualitative aspects of discrete event systems, i.e., the order of the events is of sole importance, we use a triple consisting of the set of all possible events (the alphabet), the set of all behavior (possible strings of events), and the set of all tasks (completed behavior). We use this view to model synchronous as well as asynchronous connection of systems. Moreover, it is easy to define notions like deadlock and livelock in this view. We give a method to construct a second system that, in connection with the original system, gets rid of its deadlock and/or livelock. A state-space representation is introduced. In this representation computations can be done effectively.