清华大学环境能源楼设计

介绍了作为中、意两国环保及节能合作示范工程的清华大学环境能源楼的建筑围护结构、能源系统、空调系统设计理念及采取的措施。     

Uncertain programming of building cooling heating and power (BCHP) system based on Monte-Carlo method

Uncertainty of building energy demands has large influence on accuracy of building cooling heating and power (BCHP) programming model. Uncertain programming model is proposed to optimize BCHP system with consideration of uncertainty of energy demands. Monte-Carlo method (MCM) and mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) are integrated in the model (M-M model for short). MCM can be used to simulate the uncertainty of energy demands avoiding dimension disaster and complex calculation. Correlation between different energy demands can also be considered in the model. And facility scheme and operation strategy can be optimized simultaneously in MINLP model. A numerical example is calculated with the M-M model. Convergence rate of expected values of the variables optimized in the model is high. Influence of energy demand uncertainty is studied with investigation of expected values, standard deviations of evaluation indicators and facility capacities. Sensitivity of the parameters to energy demand uncertainty is much different. It is unnecessary to consider uncertainty of energy demands when evaluating system feasibility with indicators of annual cost saving rate and annual natural gas saving rate, for they are influenced only a little by uncertainty of energy demands. While uncertainty of energy demands must be considered when studying parameters related to assistant facilities, which are very sensitive to the uncertainty. The result is valuable for designing strategy of facility scheme.     

BCHP系统中余热锅炉结构参数的热经济学优化

本文建立以BCHP系统的产品平均（yong）成本为目标函数,以余热锅炉排烟温度、蒸发器和省煤器中螺旋翅片管排数、每排管数、管束横向节距和纵向节距为决策变量的余热锅炉优化模型。应用所建立的优化计算模型,对BCHP系统不同工况分别进行优化计算,结果表明,无论在何种工况下,余热锅炉参数优化后其效率比优化前有所提高,冷量分摊的成本、系统的产品平均(yong)成本比未优化时均有所降低。     

楼宇热电冷联产技术方案比较

楼宇热电冷联产(BCHP)是能量梯级综合利用的技术,对于解决我国面临的环境、能源问题有重要作用。本文对现有技术条件下几种BCHP技术方案的性能和特点进行了分析,并在负荷匹配基础上对基于微型燃气轮机和燃气内燃机的两种BCHP技术方案作了比较,结果表明, 显热比较高时,基于内燃机的方案一次能效率较高,具有较好的技术、经济性能。     

燃料电池技术在地下工程中的应用探讨

分析了地下工程对能源系统的特殊需求和现存问题，指出燃料电池技术在地下工程中的应用优势和发展前景。简要介绍了燃料电池的原理、种类和特点以及燃料电池建筑冷热电联产系统的原理和组成，对燃料电池冷热电联产系统在地下工程中的应用配置方案进行了探讨。     

BCHP系统中吸收式热泵性能模拟

使以天然气为能源的楼宇式小型热电冷三联供系统（BCHP，Building Cooling Heating ＆ Power）中的烟气型双效吸收式制冷机在冬季作热泵运行，利用回收烟气冷凝热的运行方式进行了建模与模拟研究，证明了在该方式下运行是可行的，指出影响热泵温升提高的主要因素是高压发生器的溶液浓度、温度和压力，根据这些影响因素可以分析热泵机组的升温特性，用于指导机组实际运行时的参数调节。     

Influence of energy demands ratio on the optimal facility scheme and feasibility of BCHP system

Building cooling heating & power (BCHP) system has advantages of energy saving and environment protection. Accurate feasibility evaluation and rational match between energy supply and energy demands are necessary for the realization of advantages of BCHP system. The influence of energy demands on the optimal facility scheme and feasibility of BCHP system needs especially to be studied. Mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is established with integrated optimization of facility scheme and operation strategy of BCHP system. A series of energy demands with different heat-electricity ratio and cooling-electricity ratio are achieved based on the energy demands of a hotel. Sensitivity analysis about energy demands ratios is carried out in this paper to study their influence on optimal capacity of facilities and feasibility indices. And the reason of the results is analyzed. Indices of feasibility evaluation include annual cost, annual cost saving rate and annual natural gas saving rate. It is shown in result that energy demands of different type have different weight in optimal capacities. Optimal capacities of facilities should be designed with consideration of all three kinds of energy demands. Different feasibility evaluation are achieved with different indices. The BCHP system is preferable for buildings with high heat demand.     

楼宇冷热电联供系统的优化设计研究

本文根据东华大学4号学院楼燃气空调的冷热电联供改造方案,建立了楼宇冷热电联供系统的数学模型,以费用年值和(火用)效率作为目标函数对模型进行优化求解,并在天然气价格和电力价格变化的情况下,对联供系统和现有的分供系统进行了比较,其结果可以作为燃气空调系统进行冷热电联供改造的节能和经济性分析的参考。     

Experimental investigation of adsorption chiller for Micro-scale BCHP system application

Building cooling, heating and power (BCHP), is an attracting cogeneration system for its economic and environmental friendly qualities. Therefore, it is meaningful to develop Micro-scale BCHP (MBCHP) system based on adsorption chiller and internal combustion gas engine for the use of residential and light commercial buildings. To guide the optimum matching and operation of adsorption chiller in MBCHP system correctly, this paper deals with the performance of adsorption chiller under varying heating conditions. Experimental results show that the value of COP is high in the operation mode of varying hot water inlet temperature with mass recovery in no heating pattern (VTNH). With the hot water inlet temperature of 65 °C, the value of COP is as high as 0.40 in VTNH mode. Under electricity output conditions from 6.0 to 8.3 kW in MBCHP system, VTNH mode is especially preferred when cooling demand is with priority.     

Environmental impact analysis of BCHP system in different climate zones in China

The operation performance of building cooling, heating and power (BCHP) system is dependent on the seasonal atmospheric conditions. This paper presents the environmental impact models of separation production (SP) system and BCHP system respectively. Three most important energy-related environmental issues, global warming, acid precipitation and stratospheric ozone depletion, are considered to evaluate the environmental impact of BCHP system for a commercial building located in five climate zones, China. Because the global emissions of BCHP system are related to the central power plant that provides the additional electricity to building, the environmental impacts by coal-fired and gas-fired power plants are compared and discussed. The results indicate that the emission reduction potential of BCHP system over SP system in hot summer zone and mild zone is larger than in severe cold zone when the coal-fired power plant is used. Contrarily, BCHP system in severe cold zone reduces more emissions than in hot summer zone when the gas-fired power plant provides the additional electricity.